Question

describe the process of respiration in human being with suitable diagram

Answer 1

Respiration is one of the metabolic processes which play an essential role in all living organisms. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. The so-called exchange of gases is necessary for respiration and which can be considered as a chemical process.

Every organism, from an individual bacteria cell to a mighty blue whale, undergoes respiration.

But, before we discuss respiration in humans, let us first look at the respiratory organs of other organisms. This would give us a better idea of how the human respiratory system is more advanced than the others.

Breathing is the first step in respiration for almost all organisms. The inhale and exhale of gas and its mechanism depends on the environment in which the organisms survive.

For instance, the lower organisms like the unicellular take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide by the process of diffusion across their membrane. Annelids like earthworms have a moist cuticle which helps them in gaseous exchange. Respiration in fish and other aquatic organisms have special organs called gills, which help them in respiration. Most of the higher organisms possess a pair of lungs for breathing. The humans have a well developed respiratory system. Let us take a look at human respiration.

The human respiratory system consists of the following parts:

External nostrils – For the intake of air.

Nasal chamber – which is lined with hair and mucus to filter the air and remove dust and dirt.

Pharynx – It is a passage behind the nasal chamber and serves as the common passageway for both air and food.

Larynx – Also known as the sound box as it helps in the generation of sound and thus helps us in communicating.

Epiglottis – It is a flap-like structure that covers the glottis and prevents the entry of food into the windpipe.

Trachea – It is a long tube passing through the mid-thoracic cavity.

Bronchi – The trachea divides into left and right bronchi.

Bronchioles – Each bronchus is further divided into finer channels known as bronchioles

Alveoli – The bronchioles end up into the balloon-like structures known as the alveoli

Lungs – We have a pair of lungs, which are sac-like structures and covered by a double-layered membrane known as pleura.

Answer 2

We all breath air that contains oxygen required for respiration. Respiration is both external and internal. The taking in, and giving out, of air is called as external respiration or Breathing. Breathing consist of inhalation and exhalation. It continues throughout the life of an individual. Taking in of air, rich in oxygen, is called inhalation. Giving out of air, rich in carbon dioxide is called exhalation. These process take place with the help of a muscular diaphragm and the rib cage. The diaphragm is a muscular partition which separates the chest cavity from the lower abdominal cavity. The chest cavity surrounded by the rib cage. The lungs are located in the chest cavity. The number of times a person breathe per minute is termed as Breathing rate. One breath is one inhalation + one exhalation. An adult normally breaths from 14 to 20 times per minute, but but exercise can raise the rate of breathing upto 80 breaths per minute. A breathing rate of a child at rest is faster than the adult at rest. A newborn baby has a red to about 40 Breadths per minute. In general, smaller animals have faster breathing rates than larger animals. For example :------ A rat breaths about to 60 times per minute while horse breathes only about 12 time per minute.