Describe the structure and functioning of the human heart.
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FUNCTION OF HEART:
Heart is the pumping organ of the body which recieves deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps oxygenated blood back into circulation. Its functioning is divided into two
Types of circulation:
Pulmonary: Circulation to the lungs and back to the heart for purification of deoxygenated blood
Systemic: The oxygenated blood from the heart is carried by the arteries to the different body parts.
STRUCTURE OF HEART:
- The human heart is four-chambered.
- The upper two chambers are called the auricles, separated by the interatrial septum and the lower two chambers are called the ventricles, separated from each other by the interventricular septum.
- The two atria are separated by the interatrial septum. The ventricles have more muscular walls than the auricles.
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♦ The heart is a muscular organ composed of 4 chambers; the left atrium and right atrium (pl. atria) and the left ventricle and right ventricle (pl. ventricles). The left and right sides of the heart are separated by a septum. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood through the vena cava. After passing through the tricuspid valve, the right ventricle pumps this deoxygenated blood out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. This is called the pulmonary circuit. Simultaneously, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood, from the lungs, through the pulmonary vein. Once this oxygenated blood passes through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle, it is pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body. This is called the systemic circuit. Valves act to partition the atria from the ventricles but most importantly prevent the backflow of blood. Structurally, the left wall of the heart is thicker hence maintains a higher blood pressure compared to the right side of the heart. All in all, humans have a double circulatory system through which blood is pumped by the heart to supply cells of the body.
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