Question

describe whole portion of hydrocarbons the isomers types etc in own words only

Answer 1

IntroductionIf you put gasoline into a car, what does it look like? To the naked eye, gasoline is a pretty uninteresting yellowish-brown liquid. If you could zoom in to the molecular level, though, you’d see that gasoline is actually made up of a striking range of different molecules, most of them hydrocarbons (molecules containing just hydrogen and carbon).Some would be small, with just four carbon atoms, while others would be larger, with up to twelve carbons. Some would form straight lines, while others would branch; some would have only single bonds, while others would have double bonds; and still others would have rings, including aromatic rings (flat rings with alternating double bonds). The different hydrocarbons in gasoline have different properties, such as melting point and boiling point, and the mixture of hydrocarbons (together with some non-hydrocarbon molecules) gives gasoline properties that allow it to combust well in an engine.Hydrocarbons are diverse!As this example shows, hydrocarbons come in many different structures. They may differ in length, be branched or unbranched, form linear or ring shapes (or a combination), and include various combinations of single, double and triple carbon-carbon bonds. Even if two hydrocarbons have the same chemical formula, their atoms may be connected or arranged in space in different ways, making them isomers of one another (and sometimes giving them very different properties).All of these types of structural differences influence the three-dimensional shape, or conformation, of a hydrocarbon molecule. In the context of macromolecules (large biological molecules such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates), structural differences in the carbon skeleton often affect how the molecule functions.Branching, multiple bonds, and rings in hydrocarbonsHydrocarbon chains are formed by a series of bonds between carbon atoms. They may be long or short: for instance, ethane has just two carbons, while decane has ten. Chains with larger numbers of carbons may also be linear or branched. For instance, decane’s ten carbon atoms line up in a row, but other hydrocarbons with the same formula (\text C_{10}\text H_{22}C​10​​H​22​​C, start subscript, 10, end subscript, H, start subscript, 22, end subscript) have a shorter primary chain with side branches. (In fact, there are 75 slightly different branching structures for \text C_{10}\text H_{22}C​10​​H​22​​C, start subscript, 10, end subscript, H, start subscript, 22, end subscript!)In addition, hydrocarbons may contain varying numbers of single, double, and triple bonds