Question

Determine the fundamental principles, operational characteristics component configurations advantages and limitations of the different systems related to determining ships positions?

Answer 1

Explanation:

A mandatory aid to navigation, the radar is used in identifying, tracking (with integrated ARPA) and positioning of vessels (including one’s own vessel) among other things in order to adhere to the COLREGs so as to safely navigate a ship from one point to another.

The marine radar is classified under the x-band (10 GHz) or S-band (3GHz) frequencies. The x-band, being of higher frequency is used for a sharper image and better resolution whereas the S-band is used especially when in rain or fog as well as for identification and tracking.

Tracking ship devices are compulsory as per COLREGS (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea).

Answer 2

Explanation:

The most important method used in determining ships position is by using a radar system.With the radar echoes of navigation marks, we can identify the ships position that have been specified in electronic navigation chart (ENC).

Researcher still analysing the accuracy provided by this radar system in relation with the navigation marks.

Fundamental principles

A special system conducted test based on radar images obtained from ENC. This opened the new way for researchers who have been striving to made it possible.

In order to eliminate the measurement errors, geodetic adjustment is applied. The accuracy equal to 34.1 m provides the precise image and such method can be adopted in determining ships position and ensuring worth navigation system.

Operational Characteristics

1. A mandatory aid in determining ships position and to navigate is perhaps possible by radar system.In order to adhere to the COLREGs to navigate a ship across various points protectively.
2. x - band ( 10 GHz) or S- band ( 3 GHz ) is used in marine radar.
3. X- band ( higher frequency ) is used for high resolution whereas S - band is used in case of smoke, rain or fog to get the exact image.
4. COLREGS is the international regulations for preventing collitions at sea which insists to carry tracking ship devices for radar navigation
5. Similar functionalities of radar prevent the ship from unknown accidents.

Advantages

1. One can get the exact image of ship even when the ship experiencing heavy fog or rain as radar has the tendency to penetrate through it.
2. Radar can even penetrate insulators that might supposed to use in building ships
3. As I said earlier, it can give the exact position of object and helps in examining the velocity of the ship
4. It measure the current distance and can also direct us to locate the difference between stationary and moving targets
5. It covers the vast geographical area and also used to locate remote islands

Limitations

1. The time consumption of using radar system in determining ships position is high as the radio signals travel forth and back.
2. Radar might be interfered by several objects between the ship and the source and sometime even several unwanted signals can interfere with radar signals
3. Multiple targets at one location cannot be resolved by radar
4. It can use of ships above the water level as well submarine ships but going deep inside the sea cannot be supported by the radar
5. It is not that much accurate .

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