diarrhoea nursing care
Answers
Diarrhea is an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, as well as the water content and volume of the waste. It may arise from a variety of factors, including malabsorption disorders, increased secretion of fluid by the intestinal mucosa, and hypermotility of the intestine. It may also due to infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, side effects of drugs, increased osmotic loads, radiation, or increased intestinal motility.
Diarrhea can be an acute or a severe problem. Mild cases can be recovered in a few days. However, severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration or severe nutritional problems. Problems associated with diarrhea include fluid and electrolyte imbalances, impaired nutrition, and altered skin integrity. Additionally, nurses and the members of the healthcare team must take precautions to prevent transmission of infection associated with some causes of diarrhea.
The following are the common causes of diarrhea:
Anxiety
Alcohol abuse
Chemotherapy
Disagreeable dietary intake
Enteric infections: viral, bacterial, or parasitic
Gastrointestinal disorders
Increased secretion
Laxative abuse
Malabsorption (e.g., lactase deficiency)
Motor disorders: irritable bowel
Mucosal inflammation: Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
Radiation
Short bowel syndrome
Side effects of medication use
Stress
Surgical procedures: bowel resection, gastrectomy
Tube feedings
Signs and Symptoms
A patient with diarrhea may report the following signs and symptoms:
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Abdominal pain
Cramping
Frequency of stools (more than 3/day)
Hyperactive bowel sounds or sensations
Loose or liquid stools
Urgency
Goals and Outcomes
The following are the common goals and expected outcomes for Diarrhea:
Patient explains cause of diarrhea and rationale for treatment.
Patient consumes at least 1500-2000 mL of clear liquids within 24 hours period.
Patient maintains good skin turgor and weight at usual level.
Patient reports less diarrhea within 36 hours.
Patient defecates formed, soft stool every day to every third day.
Patient maintains a rectal area free of irritation.
Patient states relief from cramping and less or no diarrhea
Patient has negative stool cultures.
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