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diarrhoea nursing care​

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Answered by Anniealexious56
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Diarrhea is an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, as well as the water content and volume of the waste. It may arise from a variety of factors, including malabsorption disorders, increased secretion of fluid by the intestinal mucosa, and hypermotility of the intestine. It may also due to infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, side effects of drugs, increased osmotic loads, radiation, or increased intestinal motility.

Diarrhea can be an acute or a severe problem. Mild cases can be recovered in a few days. However, severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration or severe nutritional problems. Problems associated with diarrhea include fluid and electrolyte imbalances, impaired nutrition, and altered skin integrity. Additionally, nurses and the members of the healthcare team must take precautions to prevent transmission of infection associated with some causes of diarrhea.

The following are the common causes of diarrhea:

Anxiety

Alcohol abuse

Chemotherapy

Disagreeable dietary intake

Enteric infections: viral, bacterial, or parasitic

Gastrointestinal disorders

Increased secretion

Laxative abuse

Malabsorption (e.g., lactase deficiency)

Motor disorders: irritable bowel

Mucosal inflammation: Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis

Radiation

Short bowel syndrome

Side effects of medication use

Stress

Surgical procedures: bowel resection, gastrectomy

Tube feedings

Signs and Symptoms

A patient with diarrhea may report the following signs and symptoms:

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Abdominal pain

Cramping

Frequency of stools (more than 3/day)

Hyperactive bowel sounds or sensations

Loose or liquid stools

Urgency

Goals and Outcomes

The following are the common goals and expected outcomes for Diarrhea:

Patient explains cause of diarrhea and rationale for treatment.

Patient consumes at least 1500-2000 mL of clear liquids within 24 hours period.

Patient maintains good skin turgor and weight at usual level.

Patient reports less diarrhea within 36 hours.

Patient defecates formed, soft stool every day to every third day.

Patient maintains a rectal area free of irritation.

Patient states relief from cramping and less or no diarrhea

Patient has negative stool cultures.

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