Question

Diffentiate between Thomson Atomic Model , Rutherford Atomic Model and Neil's Bohr Atomic Model.

Answer 1

Thomson proposed the first of many atomic models to come. He proposed that an atom is shaped like a sphere with a radius of approximately 10-10m, where the positive charge is uniformly distributed. The electrons are embedded in this sphere so as to give the most stable electrostatic arrangement.
An important aspect of this model is that it assumes that the mass of the atom is uniformly distributed over the atom. Thomson’s atomic model was successful in explaining the overall neutrality of the atom. 
((("""""Thomson's theory included the atoms having electrons, while Rutherford's said that atoms have a nucleus and electrons orbit the nucleus. the two differences are where the electrons ARE and nucleus or no-nucleus.""""""" )))
Rutherford described the atom as consisting of a tiny positive mass surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons. Bohr thought that electrons orbited the nucleus in quantised orbits.

Bohr built upon Rutherford's model of the atom. In Rutherford's model most of the atom's mass is concentrated into the centre (what we now call the nucleus) and electrons surround the positive mass in something like a cloud.

Bohr's most significant contribution was the quantisation of the model. He believed that electrons moved around the nucleus in circular orbits with quantised potential and kinetic energies. So it was not possible for electrons to occupy just any energy level.

In principle the quantisation aspect of the model is still believed to be correct. The main problem lies in the idea of electrons in circular orbits. This does not satisfy the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which is that it is not possible to know the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously.