Question

Difference between photosynthesis and photophosphorylation

Answer 1

Both photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) are processes cells use to make energy in the form of ATP. First the similarities: in both cases electrons are transferred through a series of membrane proteins. ... the protons flow back through a special enzyme (ATP-synthase) which makes ATP.

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Answer 2

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⇒Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight into chemical energy.

There are two types of photosynthetic processes: oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Oxygenic photosynthesis is the most common and is seen in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.

During oxygenic photosynthesis, light energy transfers electrons from water (H2O) to carbon dioxide (CO2), which produces carbohydrates. In this transfer, the CO2 is "reduced," or receives electrons, and the water becomes "oxidized," or loses electrons. Ultimately, oxygen is produced along with carbohydrates.

Oxygenic photosynthesis functions as a counterbalance to respiration; it takes in the carbon dioxide produced by all breathing organisms and reintroduces oxygen into the atmosphere. In his 1998 article, “An Introduction to Photosynthesis and Its Applications,” Wim Vermaas, a professor at Arizona State University surmised, “without [oxygenic] photosynthesis, the oxygen in the atmosphere would be depleted within several thousand years.”

On the other hand, anoxygenic photosynthesis uses electron donors other than water. The process typically occurs in bacteria such as purple bacteria and green sulfur bacteria. “Anoxygenic photosynthesis does not produce oxygen — hence the name,” said David Baum, professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “What is produced depends on the electron donor. For example, many bacteria use the bad-eggs-smelling gas hydrogen sulfide, producing solid sulfur as a byproduct.”

⇒Photophosphorylation refers to the use of light energy from photosynthesis to ultimately provide the energy to convert ADP to ATP, thus replenishing the universal energy currency in living things.

In the simplest systems in prokaryotes, photosynthesis is used just for the production of energy, and not for the building of any biological molecules. In these systems there is a process called cyclic photophosphorylation which just accomplishes the ADP to ATP process for immediate energy for these cells.

Photophosphorylation in ordinary plants is a much more ambitious undertaking. In the process called noncyclic photophosphorylation, a plant must accomplish the splitting of water, the conversion of ADP to ATP, and the provision of the reduced coenzyme NADPH to power the synthesis of energy storage molecules.

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