Question

discuss briefly the poverty elevation programs in India?name them with years

Answer 1

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The poverty alleviation programmes in India can be categorized based on whether it is targeted for rural areas or urban areas. Most of the programmes are designed to target rural poverty as prevalence of poverty is high in rural areas. Also targeting poverty is challenging in rural areas due to various geographic and infrastructure limitations. The programmes can be mainly grouped into

1) Wage employment programmes

2) Self-employment programmes

3) Food security programmes

4) Social security programmes

5) Urban poverty alleviation programmes.

The five year plans immediately after independence tried to focus on poverty alleviation through sectoral programmes.

1 Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)  

• It was started on 1 April 1999.

2 National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS)

• This scheme came into effect on 15 August 1995.

3 National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)

• This scheme was started in August 1995 .

4 National Maternity Benefit Scheme

• The scheme was updated in 2005-06 into Janani Suraksha Yojana with Rs 1400 for every institutional birth.

5 Annapurna

• This scheme was started by the government in 1999–2000

6 Integrated Rural Development Program(IRDP)

• This program was first introduced in 1978-79 in some selected areas, but covered all the areas by November 1980.

7 Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana

• It was initiated in 1985.

8 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)

• The NREGA bill notified in 2005 and came into force in 2006 and further modified it as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) in 2 October 2009.

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