Social Sciences, asked by sairakhatoon28ozys0a, 1 year ago

Discuss social organisation; and improvements in agriculture, crafts and trade
during the ‘Gupta Period

Answers

Answered by osoiekoduke
8

The social organization was based on social classes

The lower class comprising of the poor

The middle class consist of the averaged rich with medium life standard

The Upper class

This is the class of the filthy rich infividuals

Agriculture was conducted using modern technology

Answered by smartbrainz
0

The main way of development in the Gupta Empire was farming. The kings of Gupta continued the Mauryans' acquisition of the region. In the Narmada, Mahanadi, and Ganges valleys, Samudragupta conquered a series of forest kingdoms. Nevertheless, in this time the settlement pattern was very different from that of the Maurayns.

State control and possession of the cleared land have been greatly reduced, and land has been passed to private property. New laws were enacted allowing persons, regardless of whether they tilled the land or not, to administer and collect taxes. Most of the Kings of Gupta were secular with regard to the state, regardless of their individual religion.

Jainism and mainstream Hindu institutions have, by grants and patronage, all been supported by the State. Lineage that decided one's position in society gave way to one's property status to a certain degree. Brahmins thus lost their importance. The importance of agriculture and craft production means that the state of the Sudras has improved considerably.

In general, what you did in society was significant. What you did in society. In addition to the success of religious rites, even Brahmins had to occupy themselves. The easing of rigid state control from the earlier era initially had a revolutionary effect, as individual initiative was encouraged. The Brahmin's and the rigid' varna' scheme showed a certain decrease.

EXPLANATION:

Improvements in Agriculture:  

For both sports and domestic consumption, spices and pepper were grown. A wide range of cultivations including rice wheat barley sesame pulses have been cultivated with beans and lentils such as betel and onions. The first new fruit was introduced, such as pears and peaches. Quality manuals were given that gave details of the proper soil type and which provided data on the different plant conditions, the distances among plants and sowing techniques (e.g. soil work, before sowing), for each plant. Such handbooks also defined methods of grain processing of fruits and vegetables. Since a large variety of soil types had to be grown, new types of agricultural instruments were also found. The weights and patterns of plough shares were set for various soil types and the use of iron was commonly used for agricultural products.

Improvements in Crafts:  

In metallurgical and weaving craft swift strides were made during this period. Copper alloys and rust iron have been found and elaborated for civil as well as military purposes. The goods were so high in quality that, including in Africa, they were widely exported. Greco-Roman and Central Asian influence occurred to some degree in the nature of these posts. But they had a local character altogether. Techniques for the production of cotton and silk materials were used for weaving. Dyes were produced and their widespread use was implemented in colored textiles. Indian textiles were popular for their light weight and fine texture, particularly from Bengal and Varanasi. In the west, textiles became common and a main export and import commodity. Guilds or' shernis' of craftspeople became important and powerful in this new situation of reduced state interference. They were very involved and entered into contracts with individuals and even signed agreements with state authorities. The "shernis" lent and paid back money from people with interest. It gave the crafts a huge boost.

Improvements in Trade:  

The importance of direct producers increased with unprecedented volumes and proportions of domestic and external trade. The opening of previously inaccessible and uninhabited areas, better transport, communication and trade organizations have contributed to trade development. The fact that there was a huge market spread over a vast empire has led to a large flow of money via a thriving trade. There was an alliance, also known as shernis, for merchants and artisans alike. The main commercial route was around the Ganges and the Indus rivers, where the State still controlled the inflow and sale of goods. The rapid growth of foreign trade, encouraged actively by the foreign diplomatic contacts established by the Satavahanas, Kushanas increased internal trade. An important role in this was improved navigation by the Indians in particular, using the knowledge of the monsoons and the new design of sea-boys. The Indians traded with Mediterranean nation like Sumatra, Java, and Sri Lanka and Arab nations, Rome, Africa and South Eastern Asia. Too much commerce was enabled by the presence of associations.

To know more

Why is Gupta period known as the golden age of Indian culture

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Name three sources that give us information about the gupta period.

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