discuss the administrationof aryans during vedic age
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Answer:
Aryan tribes were patriarchal in nature with the tribal chief as the leader. Owing to the constant need for protection, tribes elected the most capable as their chief. Early monarchs failed to develop largely on account of the restraining influence of the two tribal assemblies called SABHA and SAMITI. Later however this gave way to the emergence of monarchies.
Vedic kings however were basically military leaders who were entrusted with the task of defending his tribe. In these early tribal kingdoms no regular taxes were imposed nor did the king have any right over land. He was however entitled to a portion of the booty of cattle raids or battle which happened quite often.
Religious duties were carried out by priests and the king played a very insignificant role. There were however special sacrifices which were conducted to bestow divinity on kings and which ensured his success and legitimacy to rule. VASISHTA and VISHWAMITRA were two very famous sages who were also friend, philosopher and guide of kings during the Vedic age.
Ancient Aryan settlements were tribal in nature and the nucleus of the tribal society was the family or KULA with the eldest male member who was called the KULAPATI or GRIHAPATI being the head of the family. The administration of the Vedic period was a simple set up consisting of the king, a general assembly of people called SAMITI and a group of elders called SABHA.
The administrative system consisted of a. the tribal kingdom which was called RASHTRA.
b. tribes which were called JANA
c. each tribal unit was described as VISH.
d. villages which were called GRAMA
The king who was the central figure in the administrative system was assisted by
a. The chief priest or PUROHIT and
b. Army commander who was called SENANI.
Other figures of the administrative machinery were:
a. The Treasurer
b. Steward
c. Spies and messengers
d. Charioteer
e. Superintendent of dicing.
The last mentioned official reveals the prevalence of gambling both amongst nobility and commoners and the epic MAHABHARATA highlights how widespread it was in those times.
There was no systematic legal institution and custom was the law. Justice was based on the concept of DHARMA andaAdjudication of disputes was done by the King and chief priest with the occasional advice of elders in select cases. Capital punishment did not exist but trial ordeal was a common practice.
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Explanation:
The Vedic period, or Vedic age (c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE), is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedas were composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain c. 600 BCE. The Vedas are liturgical texts which formed the basis of the influential Brahmanical ideology, which developed in the Kuru Kingdom, a tribal union of several Indo-Aryan tribes. The Vedas contain details of life during this period that have been interpreted to be historical[1][note 1] and constitute the primary sources for understanding the period. These documents, alongside the corresponding archaeological record, allow for the evolution of the Indo-Aryan and Vedic culture to be traced and inferred.[2]
The Vedas were composed and orally transmitted with precision by speakers of an Old Indo-Aryan language who had migrated into the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent early in this period. The Vedic society was patriarchal and patrilineal.[note 2] Early Indo-Aryans were a Late Bronze Age society centred in the Punjab, organised into tribes rather than kingdoms, and primarily sustained by a pastoral way of life.
Around c. 1200–1000 BCE the Aryan culture spread eastward to the fertile western Ganges Plain. Iron tools were adopted, which allowed for clearing of forest and the adoption of a more settled, agricultural way of life. The second half of the Vedic period was characterised by the emergence of towns, kingdoms, and a complex social differentiation distinctive to India,[2] and the Kuru Kingdom's codification of orthodox sacrificial ritual.[3][4] During this time, the central Ganges Plain was dominated by a related but non-Vedic Indo-Aryan culture, of Greater Magadha. The end of the Vedic period witnessed the rise of true cities and large states (called mahajanapadas) as well as śramaṇa movements (including Jainism and Buddhism) which challenged the Vedic orthodoxy.[5]
The Vedic period saw the emergence of a hierarchy of social classes that would remain influential. Vedic religion developed into Brahmanical orthodoxy, and around the beginning of the Common Era, the Vedic tradition formed one of the main constituents of "Hindu synthesis".[6]
Archaeological cultures identified with phases of Indo-Aryan material culture include the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture, the Gandhara grave culture, the black and red ware culture and the Painted Grey Ware culture.[7] PLEASE RATE IF HELPED YOU.....