discuss the relationship between culture, socio-culture, and types of disabilities
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Answer:
Culture and Disability
Culture
Although Ingstad and Whyte dealt in depth with the issues of disability and culture, they did not adequately and concisely provide a definition of what was meant by the term 'culture'. We will therefore attempt to provide a definition, based on the reviewed literature, before we proceed. The concept 'culture' has many versions in its contemporary use. If used metaphorically, culture may be used to sometimes mean an attitude, sometimes a fashion, sometimes a behavior, and sometimes a way of doing things.
It is common nowadays for a new design of clothing to be marketed in a way which allows the wearer to dress in a trendy style and to express cultural pride. For example, in South Africa in 1994, the popular government attempted to ban the Zulus from carrying spears, shields, and machetes in political rallies. The latter responded that they should be allowed to carry the items because they were 'cultural' weapons. Today, the academic world and the mass media is full of stories with reference to 'youth culture,' 'political culture,' or 'organizational culture.' The term culture has become so trendy that it is used as a substitute for more specific words.
Anthropologists reference culture as a total way of life for a society, its traditions, its habits, or beliefs. In this line, LeVine (1984, p. 67) sees culture as "...a shared organization of ideas that includes the intellectual, moral and aesthetic standards prevalent in a community and meanings of community actions." In a similar conception, Geertz (1973, p. 89), points out that culture
denotes an historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols, a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life.
Based on these two conceptions, we could say that culture denotes an identifiable pattern of behavior exhibited by people in response to diverse phenomena in their environment and the meanings they attach to that encounter. People create meaning from their interactions with their environment, thus developing a philosophy from those meanings about man, nature and life, which acts as a reference point in all matters pertaining to the essence of that society. Because a culture is learned, it varies over time. At the same time, however, culture has certain constant features, including language, which differentiates it from other cultures in other times or places. Thus, the Anglo-Saxon American culture of a hundred years ago may not be similar to the one that is here today; it retains certain constant features that identify it from other cultures in America. A culture is, therefore, defined by its differences and exclusions.
Culture has a normative role in a given society (Goodenough, 1963 p. 259). It consists of standards for deciding what is, standards for deciding what can be, standards for deciding how one should feel, and standards for deciding how to go about daily activities. Meanings that are conveyed in a culture and the tested practices are central in setting these standards. Cultures, therefore, determine what is right or wrong in a given society. In the case of individual members, cultural standards define various matters, including what it means to be a person or human being, the value placed on gender, the value placed on children, and the value placed on the old. In the same vein, culture may also determine whether members are categorized in groups or perceived as individuals.
Societies may be categorized as being either 'mono-cultural,' meaning there is only one culture, and bi-cultural or multicultural, meaning that the society exhibits more than one culture. Large and small-scale societies typically display signs of being both mono and multi-cultural. As an example of a large-scale society, the United States at the macro-level displays a 'mono-culture' in the sense that there is one culture that describes the U.S. In other words there is a macro-culture to which every US citizen subscribes. However, within this macroculture, we find micro-cultures represented by the people of Irish, Greek, African, Polish, Anglo-Saxon, Mexican, and Native American descent. Thus, the U.S. is mono-cultural at one level and multi-cultural at another level.
In small-scale societies, for example, it is common to refer to the Bali of Indonesia, or the NQoni in Tanzania, or the Zulu in South Africa as single cultures. However, on closer examination, even these small-scale societies may be 'multicultural' on the basis of clan values within the society.
Answer:
Explanation:
Disability culture is about visibility and self value. As with many groups in society, recognition by others only comes with self awareness within the group of the groups' differences and strengths. Disability culture offers ways for people with different disabilities to pursue their own, as well as shared goals.
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