Distinguish between the following, giving examples: 4x5=20 i A free morpheme and a bound morpheme ii A prefix and a suffix iii An inflectional suffix and a derivational suffix iv A count noun and a mass noun v A finite verb and a non-finite verb.
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1. Free morpheme and bound morpheme: Free morphemes are the single morpheme that can stand alone as a word, e.g. free, well, go and in compound words a free morpheme makes a word with another free morpheme, e.g. blackboard, smartphone, ringtone. On the other hand a bound morpheme doesn't have a meaning in itself and stands as a part of a larger word only. For example in the word predestined pre and ed are bound morphemes while destine is a free morpheme.
2. Prefix and Suffix : A prefix is a letter or a group of letters that is added before and word and that results in a change in the meaning of the word. For example, if we add mis before behavior, it changes the meaning of the resultant word i.e. misbehavior. A suffix on, on the other hand is added after a word to suit the context of a sentence. e.g. desirable is made by adding able to desire. For example - He desired to appoint an experienced Assistant for himself.
Experience is desirable for the post of Assistant.
3. Inflectional suffix and derivational suffix: An inflectional suffix is added to the root word to modify it to indicate its grammatical function. For example 'ing' is added to trust to for trusting to form its present participle. ed, ly, s/es, ing, come in the category of inflectional suffixes. Whereas, a derivational suffix is added to either chang the meaning or class of a word. e.g. when 'er' is added to 'teach' it changes the meaning resulting in the word teacher. able, er, ar, ess, est, ful are the examples of derivational suffixes.
4. Count noun and mass noun: Count noun is a noun that can be counted, for example I have four chapatis in my lunch box today. On the other hand mass noun cannot be counted just like wheat, rice, gravel
5. Finite and no-finite verbs: Finite verbs are the verbs that change their form depending upon the person, tense and number (singular/plural) of the subject. They are used as main verb/part of main verb in a sentence. For example, Mangoes grow on a tree while pumpkin grows on a creeper. (Notice the use of grow/grows with the plural and singular subjects, i.e. mangoes and pumpkin. Unlike a finite verb, non-finite verbs don't change their form on the basis of person, number or tense. The examples of non-finite verbs are:
a) participle: A verb that functions as an adjective. e.g. broken chair, here broken is used as adjective to describe the chair. He was hit by a speeding car. Here, speeding is participle.
b) Gerund: A gerund is a verb used as a noun. i.e. I love swimming. Here swimming is used as a noun.
c) infinitive: An infinitive is formed by adding 'to' to the base verb. e.g. I like to go for long walk. Here 'to go' is an infinitive and should not be mistaken as verb i.e. like in this given sentence.
2. Prefix and Suffix : A prefix is a letter or a group of letters that is added before and word and that results in a change in the meaning of the word. For example, if we add mis before behavior, it changes the meaning of the resultant word i.e. misbehavior. A suffix on, on the other hand is added after a word to suit the context of a sentence. e.g. desirable is made by adding able to desire. For example - He desired to appoint an experienced Assistant for himself.
Experience is desirable for the post of Assistant.
3. Inflectional suffix and derivational suffix: An inflectional suffix is added to the root word to modify it to indicate its grammatical function. For example 'ing' is added to trust to for trusting to form its present participle. ed, ly, s/es, ing, come in the category of inflectional suffixes. Whereas, a derivational suffix is added to either chang the meaning or class of a word. e.g. when 'er' is added to 'teach' it changes the meaning resulting in the word teacher. able, er, ar, ess, est, ful are the examples of derivational suffixes.
4. Count noun and mass noun: Count noun is a noun that can be counted, for example I have four chapatis in my lunch box today. On the other hand mass noun cannot be counted just like wheat, rice, gravel
5. Finite and no-finite verbs: Finite verbs are the verbs that change their form depending upon the person, tense and number (singular/plural) of the subject. They are used as main verb/part of main verb in a sentence. For example, Mangoes grow on a tree while pumpkin grows on a creeper. (Notice the use of grow/grows with the plural and singular subjects, i.e. mangoes and pumpkin. Unlike a finite verb, non-finite verbs don't change their form on the basis of person, number or tense. The examples of non-finite verbs are:
a) participle: A verb that functions as an adjective. e.g. broken chair, here broken is used as adjective to describe the chair. He was hit by a speeding car. Here, speeding is participle.
b) Gerund: A gerund is a verb used as a noun. i.e. I love swimming. Here swimming is used as a noun.
c) infinitive: An infinitive is formed by adding 'to' to the base verb. e.g. I like to go for long walk. Here 'to go' is an infinitive and should not be mistaken as verb i.e. like in this given sentence.
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