EAS reaction mechanism
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EAS reactions all follow the same general two-step mechanism. Step 1: An electrophile attacks the pi electrons of the aromatic benzene ring which results in the formation of a resonance stabilized carbocation. This carbocation is called the arenium ion and has three resonance contributors.
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The overall reaction mechanism, denoted by the Hughes–Ingold mechanistic symbol SEAr, begins with the aromatic ring attacking the electrophile E+. This step leads to the formation of a positively charged and delocalized cyclohexadienyl cation, also known as an arenium ion, Wheland intermediate, or arene σ-complex.
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