Question

Establish relation between small g and capital g

Answer 1

G stands for Newton's universal gravitational constant, whereas g stands for the acceleration due to gravity at a certain point. G = 6.67300 × 10-11 N.m2.kg-2. G is a constant throughout space and time. g = 9.8 m.s-2.   g is a variable quantity. G is a scalar quantity whereas g is a vector qualtity.    (According to Newton's law of universal gravitation the force of attraction between two bodies is given by F = GMm/r2, where the symbols stand for their usual well known meanings. Also the weight of a body of mass m is F = mg. So mg = GMm/r2,  or g = GM/r2 g is a constant at a given location, which depends upon M and r.)