Explain
(a) how the greenhouse effect can change the climate of the Earth;
(b) how fertilizers in rivers can cause the death of fish;
Answers
Answer:
The 'greenhouse effect' is the warming of climate that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space. Certain gases in the atmosphere resemble glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to pass into the 'greenhouse,' but blocking Earth's heat from escaping into space
Fertilizers are made of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. ... Too many nutrients in water can cause algae to grow, which uses up the oxygen in the water. Low levels of oxygen in water can hurt aquatic wildlife and even lead to fish kills.
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How the greenhouse effect can change the climate of the earth
The greenhouse has two characteristics:
- High indoor temperature.
- No heat dissipation .
★ Main influence
- ★ Climate impact
Greenhouse gases effectively absorb the infrared radiation emitted by the same gases and clouds on the earth's surface and in the atmosphere itself. Atmospheric radiation is emitted in all directions, including to the earth's surface below. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the ground-to-troposphere system. This is called the "natural greenhouse effect". Atmospheric radiation is strongly coupled with the temperature level of its gas emissions. In the troposphere, the temperature generally decreases with increasing altitude. Infrared radiation radiated into space from a certain height is generally generated at an average temperature of -19 ° C, and is balanced by the income of solar radiation, so that the earth
The temperature of the ball surface can be maintained at an average of 14 ° C. An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to an increase in the opacity of the atmosphere to infrared radiation, which causes effective radiation to be emitted into space from lower temperatures and higher altitudes. This causes a radiative forcing, this imbalance can only be ground troposphere to compensate for the elevated system temperature. This is the "enhanced greenhouse effect". If this effect does not exist in the atmosphere, the surface temperature will drop by about 33 degrees or more. On the contrary, if the greenhouse effect continues to increase, the global temperature will also continue to rise year by year.
The principle of the greenhouse effect
In the 100 years since the nineteenth century, the global surface temperature has risen by 0.2 to 0.69 ° C. From the data of 119 years between 1880 and 1998, the trend of global warming is 0.53 ℃ / 100a. The changes in the icing and melting of the lake recorded in Wisconsin and Japan over the past 150 years provide further evidence of global warming. From 1946 to 1995, the freezing time of these lakes was 9.5 days late and the melting time was 8.6 days early. During this period, the average temperature rose by 1.8 degrees Celsius. Climate warming mainly occurred in the two periods from the 1920s to the 1940s and the mid-1970s. Since the 1980s, the rise in global temperature has accelerated. After 1990s, the global average temperature in 1990, 1995, 1997, and 1998 reached several record highs. The past 10 years have recorded meteorology since 1659. The warmest 10 years in the northern hemisphere. Generally speaking, global warming presents large regional differences. The warming in high-latitude regions is greater than that in low-latitude regions, and land warming is more obvious than that of oceans . It is predicted that the global average annual temperature will rise by 1.5-4.59 ° C in the next century, the temperature in the mid-high dimension of the northern hemisphere will rise by 5-10 ° C, and the global temperature will increase at a rate of 0.39C / (0.2-0.5 ° C). The global average temperature increased by 1.0 ° C in 2025 and by 3.0 ° C by the end of the next century. The speed is the highest in the past 100,000 years. Although the predictions of the temperature increase are different, it is certain that the global temperature will continue to rise in the future.
In the economics report on climate change published in 2006, if we only adopted the lifestyle of 2006, by 2100, the global temperature will be 50% likely to rise more than 4 degrees Celsius. At the same time, the British "Guardian" said that if the temperature rises like this, it will disrupt the lives of millions of people around the world, and even the global ecological balance, eventually leading to large-scale migration and conflicts around the world.
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How fertilizers in rivers can cause the death of fish.
Fertilizers will affect the water quality of the water body, and will cause the transparency of the water to decrease, making it difficult for sunlight to penetrate the water layer, thereby affecting the photosynthesis of plants in the water, and may cause the supersaturation of dissolved oxygen. The supersaturation of dissolved oxygen and the low amount of dissolved oxygen in the water are harmful to aquatic animals and cause a large number of fish deaths.
At the same time, due to the eutrophication of the water body, a large amount of algae with cyanobacteria and green algae as the dominant species grow on the surface of the water body, forming a layer of "green scum", which causes the harmful organic gases generated by the decomposition of the organic substances accumulated in the bottom layer and some Biotoxins produced by plankton can also harm fish. Because eutrophic water contains nitrate and nitrite, humans and animals drinking water containing more than a certain standard of these substances for a long time will also be poisoned and cause disease.