Question

explain Darwin's theory of natural selection

Answer 1

In terms of pure science, Darwin's theory brings together a whole lot of separate observations of the world under a consistent system. Prior to Darwin, we could obviously classify living things into different types (animals vs. plants, land animals vs. fish, herbivores vs. carnivores, primates vs. canids vs. felines vs. ungulates vs. avians), but we had no decent explanation of why the similarities and differences that define such category schemes existed. For example, all land animals have lungs and kidneys: but why is that? Why don't some of them have different kinds of organs for getting oxygen and excreting waste? Darwin's theory explains that all land animals evolved from some common ancestor that had kidneys and lungs; they share those organs because they inherited them.

Socially and politically, Darwin's theory has forced innovations in religion, ethics, and social theory; a secondary effect that Darwin was not at all intending, but a pronounced one.

Answer 2

The theory of natural selection proposed by Darwin in the year 1859 (Darwinism) : This theory states that the organisms evolution through natural selection and accumulation of inheritable variations.

Some of the features of the theory are :-

1. Limited food and space:- continuous consumption of food causes scarcity and even population of different species cannot increase their consumption beyond a certain limit.

2. Struggle for existence:- It is said, “Survival of the fittest”. So there are always competition going on among organisms for resources.

3. Variations:- New species arrive when there are variations such as in structure, size and physiology.

4. Inheritance of useful variations:- Next generation acquires the same process to get variations and natural selection. And formation of new variations by accumulations completely produces new species.