Question

Explain ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. Write answer of the given question.

Answer 1

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✔FERROMAGNETISM:-

Ferromagnetism is characterized by the presence of parallel alignment of magnetic dipole moment. It occurs in Fe, Co, Ni, Gd and Dy.

The common characteristics of ferromagnetic materials is partly filled inner electron shells. They follow Curie Weiss Law. Below Curie temperature they exhibit ferromagnetism but above curie temperature they behave as paramagnetic materials.

The total internal field which exists in these materials is ,
Hi = H + γ*M
Where,
γ = Molecular Field Constant
M = Magnetization
H = Applied Field

✔ ANTIFERROMAGNETISM:-

These type of materials will have small susceptibility at all temperatures. As the temperature decreases, Xm increases but at a critical temperature TN known as neel temperature goes maximum. If temperature is further lowered it further decreases.

The variation of susceptibility with temperature of an antiferromagnetic material above critical temperature TN is given by following equation.
Xm = C/(T-θ) ,
Where,
C = Curie temperature
θ = paramagnetic curie temperature

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