Question

Explain fertilization in plants..

Answer 1

plant fertilisation is union in males and females gametes to produce a zygote.the fertilization process down into four generalized steps.

Step 1: Pollination

In general, male gametes are contained in pollen, which is carried by wind, water, or wildlife (both insects and animals) to reach female gametes. The pollen is deposited on a plant's stigma, which is part of the pistil (the elongated part of a flower extending from the ovary). This process is called pollination.

Step 2: Germination

Within a few minutes, pollen tubes begin growing, or germinating, toward the egg cell. These tubes will provide a path for the sperm carried in the pollen to reach the egg.

Step 3: Penetration of the Ovule

The pollen tubes penetrate the ovule, which contains the female gametes.

Step 4: Fertilization

Sperm travel down the pollen tubes and fertilize an egg. Most angiosperms undergo double fertilization, where both an egg and the polar nuclei in the embryonic sac are fertilized.

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Answer 2

= The fertilization in flowering plants occur through the process of Pollination.​ 

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the male parts of plant to the female parts of plant.

It is necessary in plants for fertilization. It is brought by external factors like wind, insects, water etc.

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→ A flower consists of two parts. One is male part and another is female part.

* Male parts consists of long, stalk part called Filament and upper broad portion called Anther. Anther contains pollen grains.

* Female parts consists of upper broad portion called Stigma. Middle thin part called Style and the lower portion called Ovary. Ovary conatins ovule.

→ When a pollen grain reach the stigma of the flower then it secretes some liquid substance which is absorbed by pollen grain. After it they form a pollen tube which ultimately reach the ovule of the ovary.

→ Now, the two male gamates (pollen grains) start travelling through this pollen tube and reach the ovule of the ovary, which contains egg and two polar nuclei.

→ When a male gamate fuse with egg then it forms zygote by the process of fertilization and this type of fertilization in plants is known as Syngamy. And when a another male gamate fuse with two polar nuclei, it is known as triple fussion; then it form primary endosperm nucleus. 

* Since, the fusion occurs two times. So, this type of fusion is known as as Double Fusion.

→ After is the zygote develops into the embryo and the primary endosperm nucleus into endosperm which provides nourishment to the growing embryo.

* After it the ovule develops into seed and ovary into fruit.
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