Question

Explain how soap helps in cleansing action?

Answer 1

The soap is a kind of molecule in which both the ends have different properties. The first one is the hydrophilic end which dissolves water and is attracted towards it whereas the second one is the hydrophobic end that is dissolved in hydrocarbons and is water repulsive in nature. If on the surface of water, soap is present then the hydrophobic tail which is not soluble in water will align along the water surface.
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Answer 2

Mechanism of cleansing action of soap:

I. Soap gets dissolved in water.

ii. The non-polar ends get directed towards the centre and the polar ends get directed outwards.

iii. A cluster comprising of this arrangement is formed which is known as micelle.

iv. Dirty cloth is put in soap solution.

v. Non-polar end gets attached to the oil or dirt present in the cloth and polar end remain attached to water.

vi. Dirty cloth is agitated in soap solution.

vii. Oily and greasy particles entrapped in soap micelle gets dispersed in water.

vii. Soap water gets dirty and the cloth gets cleaned.