Explain the causes and effects of the first battle of panipat
Answers
The main cause behind which influenced Babur to invade India and battle in Panipat is a long story . Daulat Lodhi wished to dethrone Ibrahim Lodhi and invited Babur to india.Moreover the pleasent climate and flourishing agricultural made his mind towards India.Before the battle of Panipat he made five expedition in India .The first expedition was made in 1529 and took under his control the fortified bajaur and bhera .2 was made again and took Peshawar and made his camp for onward move .3expedition in 1524, took kandhar. 4 expedition was made on the invition of Daulat Lodhi ,who was the ruler of Punjab , Babar invaded Punjab and returned to Kabul ,taking opportunity of this Daulat Lodhi recaptured Punjab this made Babur to make 5 expedition in 1525 and daulat Lodhi was given crushing defeat .Thus Babur made strong hold on the land of Hindustan and matched against Ibrahim Lodhi and both of them faught in Panipat in 1526 A.D .Ibrahim Lodhi was defeated
Answer:
The causes of the first battle of panipat:
1)Under Sultan Sikandar Khan Lodhi, the Lodhi Sultanate extended to the Afghan and Persian borders.
Daulat Khan Lodhi was the governor of the Lodhi Sultanate in Lahore. Daulat Khan Lodhi was not happy during Sikander Lodhi's rule as Sikander Lodhi considered him incompetent and kept him away from Delhi for ages. At that time, the kings ruling in Delhi kept the obnoxious generals in the Sindh region away from Delhi. The same thing is followed in the Mughal era.
2)The Rajput rulers of Mewar, Malwa and Gujrat were also unhappy with the regime of Ibrahim aka Sikander Khan Lodhi as Lodhi had started taxing the development of trade routes.
3)Daulat Khan Lodhi along with the Rajput rulers of Mewar, Gujrat and Malwa planned to invite Babur. Babur belonged to an Afghan tribe and was notorious for losing various battles. Babur was desperate to prove his military skills to his tribe in Afghanistan. He had tried to capture, conquer and expand his power but failed in Afghanistan and Persia. He had also tried in Sindh and failed earlier. But this time he had input from insiders like Daulat Khan and various Rajput rulers. The deal was good enough for all, as the Rajputs regain their sovereignty, Daulat Khan gets rid of his popular brother, and Babur gets Delhi.
The Lodhi dynasty (since its borders touched Afghanistan) began to threaten the Afghan ruler's ability to tax trade. Hence, Lodhi was considered a threat.
4)The chaos created by the cannons of Babur's artillery created confusion and fear in the Lodhi army. Therefore, Lodhi had to inspire his men to come forward and lead from the front. In the course of this chase, Lodhi lost his life.
The effects of the Battle of Panipat:
1)After this defeat, the Lodhi dynasty never fully recovered.
2)Babur got a new land to rule. This was the beginning of the great Mughal Empire.
3)The Rajputs briefly regained their sovereignty. These Rajput rulers believed in diplomatic tricks and seeing the might of the enemy, they kept changing their diplomatic positions.
4)Babur possessed natural resources such as water, agricultural land and the great trunk road which was the longest trade route from Lahore to Kolkata. He used the taxation system established by Lodhi to give economic life to his kingdom. The following map illustrates the extent of Babur's kingdom after the defeat of Lodhi.
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