explain the classification of organic compounds with a flow chart
Answers

Classification of Organic Compounds
The compounds in solid, liquid or gaseous state which contain carbon in its molecule are known as organic compounds. There are a large number of organic compounds and therefore a proper systematic classification was required. Organic compounds can be broadly classified as acyclic (open chain) or cyclic (closed chain). Moving on to their classification in detail:
1. Acyclic or open chain compounds:
These compounds are also known as aliphatic compounds, they have branched or straight chains. Following are the examples in this category.

2. Alicyclic or closed chain or ring compounds:
These are cyclic compounds which contain carbon atoms connected to each other in a ring (homocyclic). When atoms other than carbon are also present then it is called as heterocyclic. Examples of this type are as follows:

They exhibit some properties similar to aliphatic compounds.
3. Aromatic compounds
They are a special type of compounds which contain benzene and other ring related compounds. Similar to alicyclic, they can also have heteroatoms in the ring. Such compounds are called as heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Some of the examples are as follows:
Benzenoid aromatic compounds

Non-benzenoid aromatic compounds

Tropolone
4. Heterocyclic aromatic compounds

Organic compounds can also be classified on the basis of functional groups into families or homologous series.
Functional group
The functional group can be defined as an atom or a group of atoms that are joined together in a specific manner which is responsible for the characteristic chemical properties of organic compounds. Examples in this case are hydroxyl group (), aldehyde group () and carboxylic acid group ().
Homologous series
A group or a series of organic compounds in which each member contains the same characteristic functional group and differs from each other by a fixed unit form a homologous series and therefore its members are known as homologous. The members of the homologous series can be represented by a general formula and the successive members differ from each other in the molecular formula by aunit. There are a number of homologous series in organic chemistry such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, haloalkanes, alkanols, amines etc.
Explanation:
Classification of Acids
Acids are often classified on the basis of source, the presence of oxygen, strength, concentration and basicity.
Classification based on the source
This means that the acid is classified on the basis of their source or origin. They are mainly of two types: Organic acid and Mineral acid.
Organic Acid: This is the acid obtained from organic materials such as plants and animals. For e.g. Citric acid (Citrus fruits), Acetic acid (Vinegar), Oleic acid (Olive oil), etc.
Mineral Acid: Mineral acid is procured from minerals. They are also known as inorganic acids. They do not contain carbon. For e.g. H2SO4, HCl. HNO3, etc.
Classification based on the presence of Oxygen
This means that the acids are classified on the basis of the presence of oxygen. These are of two types: Oxy-acid and Hydracids.
Oxy-acid: Acids that consist oxygen in their composition is known as Oxy-acids. For e.g. H2SO4, HNO3, etc.
Hydracid: Those that consist hydrogen combined with other elements and do not contain any oxygen in their composition and do not contain any oxygen in their composition are called Hydracids. For e.g. HCl, HI, HBr, etc.
Classification based on the Strength of the acid
Acids produce hydrogen ions when mixed with H2O, the strength of an acid depends on its concentration of the hydrogen ions present in a solution. A greater number of hydrogen ions means greater strength of the acid whereas, lower number of hydrogen ions means that the acid is weak. They are classified as :
Strong Acids: An acid which can be dissociated completely or almost completely in water is known as a strong acid. For e.g. sulphuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc
H+ + H2O <—-> H3O+
HCl(aq) <—-> H+(aq) + SO4-(aq)
H2SO4(aq) <—> 2H+(aq) + SO4-(aq)
Weak Acids: An acid which doesn’t dissociate completely or dissociates negligibly in water is known as a weak acid. For e.g. Those that which we usually consume on daily basis i.e. citric acid, acetic acid, etc
CH3COOH9(aq) <—–> CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq)
HCOOH(aq) <—> HCOO-(aq) + H+(aq)
Classification based on its concentration
As we have studied above, the concentration of the acid depends on the number of hydrogen ions that it produces in water. Based on this the acid is classified as :
Concentrated Acid: When an aqueous solution has a relatively high percentage of acid dissolved in it, then it is a concentrated acid. For e.g. concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulphuric acid, concentrated nitric acid, etc,
Diluted Acid: When an aqueous solution has a relatively low percentage of acid dissolved in it, then it is a dilute acid. For e.g. dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulphuric acid, dilute nitric acid, etc.
Classification based on the basicity of the acid
Acid on dissociation in water produces hydrogen ion. The number of these hydrogen ions that can be replaced in an acid is the basicity of an acid.
Monobasic Acid: A monobasic acid is an acid which has only one hydrogen ion. Therefore, these acids combine with one hydroxyl group of the base to form salt and water. For e.g. HCl, HCOOH, HBr, etc
Dibasic Acid: Dibasic acid is that which shares twp hydroxyl groups it is known as dibasic acid. Dibasic acid dissociates in 2 steps. They can provide 2 kinds of salts i.e. the normal salt and a hydrogen salt
H2SO4(aq) <—> H+(aq) + HSO-4(aq)
2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) <—-> Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Tribasic Acid: Tribasic acids are those which can combine with three hydroxyl groups. They have three replaceable hydrogen ions, and they produce 3 types of salts. For e.g. H3PO4
NaOH(aq) + H3PO4(aq) <—> NaH2PO4(aq) + H2O(l)
2NaOH(aq) + H3PO4(aq) <—> Na2HPO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)