Explain the construction and working of a hydrometer with a diagram.
Answers
HYDROMETER:
A hydrometer is an instrument used for measuring the relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy. They are typically calibrated and graduated with one or more scales such as specific gravity.
HYDROMETER- PRINCIPLE:
Hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the relative density of a liquid (w.r.t. water). Its operation is based on Archimedes' Principle and Principle of flotation. It has several uses like:
- Lactometer
- Saccharometer
HYDROMETER- CONSTRUCTION:
A hydrometer is usually made of glass, and consists of a cylindrical stem and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it float upright. The liquid to test is poured into a tall container, and the hydrometer is gently lowered into the liquid until it floats freely. The length of hydrometer submerged is a function of specific gravity. Hydrometers usually contain a scale inside the stem, so that the person using it can read specific gravity. A variety of scales exist for various applications.
HYDROMETER - WORKING:
A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids; that is, the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water. A hydrometer is usually made of glass and consists of a cylindrical stem and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it float upright.
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Answer:
A hydrometer is used to measure the density of liquid with respect to water.
Explanation:
An instrument called a hydrometer is used to gauge a liquid's relative density (w.r.t. water). It operates according to the Archimedes Principle and the Flotation Principle. It can be used for a variety of things, including a Lactometer (relative density of milk).
Saccharometer (measuring density of sugar in a liquid).
A hydrometer comprises a cylindrical stem with a narrow tube at the top and a spherical bulb at the bottom. Lead shots or mercury are used to fill the lower spherical bulb partially. This makes it easier for the hydrometer to float or stand upright in liquids. The narrow tube is marked, allowing for easy reading of a liquid's relative density.
The test substance is added to the glass jar. Gently drop the hydrometer into the fluid until it floats on its own. The relative density of the liquid is determined by taking a reading against the level of liquid touching the tube. The density (creaminess) of milk can be measured with a lactometer, the density of sugar in a liquid can be measured with a saccharometer, and the greater alcohol content of spirits can be measured with an alcoholometer. Hydrometers can be calibrated for a variety of tasks.
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