Question

explain the following facts:-
a) though the electronegativeties of nitrogen and chlorine are same however NH3 exist as liquid whereas HCL as gas.
b)carbon oxygen bond lengths are equal in carbonation.

Answer 1

the Answer of the second part is this is all due to resonance effect

Answer 2

A. THE ELECTRONEGATIVETIES OF NITROGEN AND CHLORINE ARE SAME BUT NH3 EXIST AS LIQUID WHILE HCL AS GAS. WE ALL KNOW THAT HYDROGEN CREATES HYDROGEN BONDS WITH FLUORINE, OXYGEN, AND NITROGEN. IN NH3 HYDROGEN ATOMS ARE BONDED WITH NITROGEN ATOMS BY HYDROGEN BOND WHERE AS IN HCL HYDROGEN AND CHLORINE ARE BONDED BY BY NORMAL DIPOLE DIPOLE INTERACTION. AS WE KNOW HYDROGEN BOND IS MUCH MORE STRONGER THAN DIPOLE DIPOLE INTERACTION; NH3 EXIST AS LIQUID AS THE BOND BETWEEN THE ATOM IS STRONG. HCL IS A GAS AS THERE ARE NO HYDROGEN BONDS AND THE BOND BETWEEN THE ATOMS ARE VERY WEAK.

B. IN CARBONATION FOUR HANDS OF CARBON MOLECULE ARE BONDED WITH 3 OXYGEN ATOMS. ONE OXYGEN ATOM WITH DOUBLE BOND AND THE OTHER TWO WITH SINGLE BOND.THE MOLECULE ALWAYS TRY TO MAINTAIN THE SYMMETRY.SO AS IT IS A RESONATING STRUCTURE THE LENGTH OF ALL CARBON OXYGEN BONDS ARE SAME.