explain the plight of slaves in transition class xi
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Answer:
IN 1790, the growth of the cotton industry in South America was dramatic, pushing growers to come up with ways to maximise on production.
Profits for the plantation owners depended on the number of labourers they controlled.
The key to wealth for plantation owners was employing many labourers, while keeping down costs.
Initially, native Americans were used as free labourers.
Losers in the King Philip and Pequot War, who were not killed or adopted, were enslaved and many were sold to the sugar and cotton plantations in the Caribbean and South America.
In the Carolinas, there was a significant and booming trade between white settlers and certain native tribes who were only too happy to make war on and capture members of other tribes to sell into slavery.
The number of Indians exported from South Carolinas was larger than that from any other colony and the numbers were, in fact, staggering.
However, free European labourers demanded high wages.
There was also a high demand for new slaves in the Caribbean and South of America, but because the work and the working conditions were so harsh, the mortality rates were high.
Deaths were also attributed to local diseases.
The workers would last for only three-to-five years, at best.
As such, an alternative source of labour for the plantations was sought.
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Answer:
Roman mosaic from Dougga, Tunisia (2nd century AD): the two slaves carrying wine jars wear typical slave clothing and an amulet against the evil eye on a necklace; the slave boy to the left carries water and towels, and the one on the right a bough and a basket of flowers[1]
Captives in Rome, a nineteenth-century painting by Charles W. Bartlett
Slavery in ancient Rome played an important role in society and the economy. Besides manual labor, slaves performed many domestic services, and might be employed at highly skilled jobs and professions. Accountants and physicians were often slaves. Slaves of Greek origin in particular might be highly educated. Unskilled slaves, or those sentenced to slavery as punishment, worked on farms, in mines, and at mills.
Slaves were considered property under Roman law and had no legal personhood. Most slaves would never be freed. Unlike Roman citizens, they could be subjected to corporal punishment, sexual exploitation (prostitutes were often slaves), torture and summary execution. Over time, however, slaves gained increased legal protection, including the right to file complaints against their masters.
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