Question

Explain the process of digestion in human

Answer 1

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DIGESTION IN HUMAN BEINGS..!!

• The alimentary canal is basically a long tube extending from mouth to the anus. Various regions are specialised to perform different functions.

• Mouth : In take of whole food.

• Teeth : Chewing / Grinding of food.

• Tongue : Rolling of food + Tasting of food + swallowing / pushing down of food.

• Salivary glands : Secrets saliva + Mucus + starch is converted into glucose by saliva.

• Oesophagus : Taking food from mouth to stomach by peristaltic movements.

• Stomach : Gastric Glands present in Stomach secrets gastric juices.

• GASTRIC JUICES :

PEPSIN : ( Enzyme that breaks down the proteins )

H.C.L : ( Makes the medium acidic )

Mucus : ( Protects inner lining of the stomach )

• Liver : It is a largest gland. It secrets bile juice.

FUNCTION'S OF BILE JUICE :

→ Makes the medium of food alkaline.

→ Emulsifies fats.

• Pancreas : It secrets pancreatic juices which contains amylase, lypase and trypsin.

→ Amylase digests carbohydrates

→ Lipase digests fats

→  Trypsin digests proteins.

• Small Intestine : The walls of the small intestine secrete intestinal juices which digests the food as follows :

→ Proteins ⇒ Amino acids

→  Fats  ⇒ Fatty acids and glycerol

→ Carbohydrates ⇒ Glucose

• Villi : Finger like projections of the inner wall of small intestine increases the area for absorption of food.

        It is richly supplied with blood vessels.

• Large intestine : Helps in absorption of water..

That's it.. food is digested in the human body.

After this Excretion takes place.

• The process of removing indigestible substances and waste by-products from the body through the process of defecation.

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Answer 2

■ MOUTH:-

♤ FLUID CALLED SALIVA SECRETED BY THE SALIVARY GLANDS.

♤ THE SALIVA CONTAINS AN ENZYME CALLED SALIVARY AMYLASE.

♤ FUNCTION :- BREAK DOWN STARCH INTO COMPLEX MOLECULE TO GIVE SUGAR.

HELP IN MOISTENS THE FOOD EASY FOR CHEWING AND SWALLOWING

■ OESOPHAGUS:-

♤ THE CANAL HAS MUSCLES THAT CONTRACT RHYTHMICALLY TO PUSH THE FOOD FORWARD & THIS MOVEMENT OF FOOD IS CALLED PERISTALTIC MOVEMENT WHICH OCCURS ALONG THE G.UT.

■ STOMACH:-

♤ GASTRIC GLANDS ARE PRESENT IN STOMACH.

♤ IT RELEASE HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCL).

♤ FUNCTION:- KILL HARMFUL BACTERIA THAT ENTERS WITH THE FOOD.

MAKES THE MEDIUM ALKALINE.

♤ PEPSIN:- THEY ARE PROTEIN DIGESTED ENZYME.

♤ MUCUS:- PROTECTS THE INNER LINING OF THE STOMACH FROM THE ACTION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

■ SMALL INTESTINE:-

♤ THE EXIT OF FOOD FROM THE STOMACH IS REGULATED BY A SPHINCTER MUSCLE.

♤ IT HELPS IN DIGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND FATS.

■ LIVER :- IT SECRETE BILE JUICE IN GALL BLADDER.

♤ FUNCTION:- TURN ACIDIC MEDIUM TO ALKALINE.

EMULSIFY THE ACTION OF FAT.

♤ PANCREAS:- IT SECRETE PANCREATIC JUICE IT CONTAIN ENZYME LIKE:-

♤ TRYPSIN :- HELPS IN BREAK DOWN OF PROTEINS.

♤ LIPASE :- CONVERT FAT INTO FATTY ACID AND GLYCEROL.

■ INTESTINAL JUICE:- THE WALL OF SMALL INTESTINE CONTAIN GLAND WHICH SECRETE INTESTINAL JUICE.

♤ FUNCTION :- CONVERT PROTEINS TO AMINO ACIDS.

♤ COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES INTO GLUCOSE.

♤ FATS INRO FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL.

■ VILLI:- THE INNER LINING OF THE SMALL INTESTINE HAS NUMEROUS FINGER LIKE PROJECTIONS CALLED VILLI.

♤ FUNCTION:- INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA FOR ABSORPTION.

THEY ARE RICHLY SUPPLIED WITH BLOOD VESSELS WHICH TAKE THE ABSORBED FOOD TO EACH AND EVERY CELL OF THE BODY

■ LARGE INTESTINE:-

THE EXIT OF WASTE MATERIAL FROM THE BODY IS REGULATED BY THE ANAL SPHINCTER.