Explain the role of participants in civil disobedience movement. cbse 10th std history
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Answer:
1) Though the non-cooperation movement was suspended, yet it left a ray of hope for the people. However, a group for Congress leaders likes C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru etc. were dissatisfied with the sudden suspension of the movement.
2) They formed a separate party known as Swaraj Party and were ready to contest in elections for Council entry. Their purpose was to oppose the government from within.
3) In the election of 1923, the Swaraj Party secured absolute majority in Bengal and Central Provinces. But gradually they joined the Gandhian movement.
Rich Peasant Communities.
• In the countryside, rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in the movement.
• Being producers of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices.
• As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue demand.
• And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment.
• These rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement, organising their communities, and at times forcing reluctant members, to participate in the boycott programmes.
• They were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being revised. So when the movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to participate.
Poorer Peasantry.
• Many of them were small tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords. As the depression continued and cash, income divided the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent.
• They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted. They joined a variety of radical movements, often led by socialists and communist.
• Apprehensive of raising issues that might upset the rick peasants and landlords, the Congress was unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most places.
• So the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remained uncertain.
Indian Merchants and Industrialists
• During World War 1, Indian Merchants and Industrialists had made huge profits and become powerful. Keen on expanding businesses they know reacted against colonial policies that restricted business activities .
