Explain with an example for each, how the following provides evidences in favour of
evolution in organisms:
(a) Homogolous organs
(b) Analogous organs
(c) Fossils
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HOMOLOGOUS ORGANS
homologous organs have same structures but different functions. eg: forelimbs of humans and birds.homologous organs help us to understand that the organism has evolved from a common ancestor.the more common characteristics they have the more closely they are related
ANALOGOUS ORGANS
analogous organs have different structures but similar functions. eg: the wings of bat and birds. they have a common function flying but their origins are not common.so they aren't closely related
FOSSILS
they are useful to know about the species which are no longer alive.they provide evidence and missing links between two classes.they help in forming a sequence of organism in the pathway of evolution.thus they have an importance in deciding evolutionary relationship. eg: archaeopteryx is a fossil bird. it has feathers, fused bones and beak which are exclusively bird structure,it also had some features which are found in reptiles.this provides a clue that birds have evolved from reptiles
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homologous organs have same structures but different functions. eg: forelimbs of humans and birds.homologous organs help us to understand that the organism has evolved from a common ancestor.the more common characteristics they have the more closely they are related
ANALOGOUS ORGANS
analogous organs have different structures but similar functions. eg: the wings of bat and birds. they have a common function flying but their origins are not common.so they aren't closely related
FOSSILS
they are useful to know about the species which are no longer alive.they provide evidence and missing links between two classes.they help in forming a sequence of organism in the pathway of evolution.thus they have an importance in deciding evolutionary relationship. eg: archaeopteryx is a fossil bird. it has feathers, fused bones and beak which are exclusively bird structure,it also had some features which are found in reptiles.this provides a clue that birds have evolved from reptiles
hope this helped you
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8j2014:
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