Explain with examples how characteristics of a population changes over the years for the following situations
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Answer:
Evolution occurs gradually over a long period of time and this process generates variations and some traits appear which give a particular species certain advantages to survive. To gain survival advantage, porcupines have developed quills or spines which helps them in avoiding predators and also in reproduction.. During the process of evolution new species arise by passing through various temporary stages with temporary characters. Again consider the example of human evolution, humans have passed through various temporary stages like Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus, Homo habilis to get this form of Homo sapiens.
Characteristics of a population changes over the years for their survival in nature. This can be justified with these examples:
(a) To gain survival advantage: the best example is provided by the peppered moth in order to survive these moths then changed their colour to grey and now blended perfectly with soot coated trees.
(b) Due to accidental survival: Beetles are of two colour either red or blue. It was seen that elephants crushed all the red coloured beetle but not blue hence this example shows accidental survival.
(c) Temporary change of characteristics: Speciation of any plant or animal to the modern one is an example of temporary change of characteristics so as to bring about a finally best-suited species.
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Answer:
Characteristics of a population changes over the years for their survival in nature. This can be justified with these examples:
(a) To gain survival advantage: the best example is provided by the peppered moth. In order to survive these moths changed their colour from grey to black which blended perfectly with soot coated trees after industrial revolution. This prevented the moths from being predated by the crows.
b) Due to accidental survival: Beetles are of two colour either red or blue. When an elephant accidentally crushed the beetles, it resulted in death of more red beetles than blue, drastically reducing the red beetle population. This is accidental survival of blue beetle in the population.
(c) Temporary change of characteristics: Speciation of any plant or animal to the modern one is an example of temporary change of characteristics so as to bring about a finally best-suited species.