Question

Explain with examples (i) Atomic number, (ii) Mass number, (iii) Isotopes and iv) Isobars. Give any two uses of isotopes.

NCERT Class IX
Sciences - Exemplar Problems

Chapter 4. Structure of the Atom

Answer 1

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➡Atomic number : The atomic no. of an element is the total no.of protons present in the atom of that element.

▶For example : Nitrogen has 7 protons in its atom .Thus ,the atomic no. of nitrogen is 7.

➡Mass number : The mass no. of an element is the sum of the no. of protons and neutrons present in the atom of that element.

▶For example : The atom of boron has 5 protons and 6 neutrons .so, the mass no. of boron is 5+6=11

➡Isotopes : These are atoms of the same element having the same atomic no. but different mass number.

▶For example : chlorine has two isotopes with atomic number 17 but mass no. 35 and 37 represent by .
$\frac{35}{17} cl \: \frac{37}{17}cl$
➡Isobars : These are atoms having the same mass no. ,but different atomic no.

▶For example : Ne has atomic number 10 and sodium has atomic number 11 but both of them have mass no. as 22 represented by .
$\frac{22}{10} ne \: \frac{22}{11} ne$
▶TWO USES OF ISOTOPES :

▪ One isotope of uranium is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors.

▪One isotope of cobalt is used in the treatment of cancer.

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Answer 2

Answer:

(i) Atomic number: The atomic number is the total number of protons present in the atom. For example, the atomic number of sodium is 11. It contains 11 protons and 11 electrons.

(ii) Mass number: It is the sum of the number of neutrons and the number of protons. For example, the atomic number of magnesium is 12 which is equal to the number of protons, the number of neutrons of magnesium is 12. The mass number is equal to 24 (12+12).

(iii) Isotopes are the elements having same atomic number but different mass number. They have same chemical properties as the number of valence electrons are same. For example,

6

C

12

,

6

C

13

,

6

C

14

are the three isotopes of carbon. They have same atomic number but different mass number due to difference in the number of neutrons.

(iv) Isobars: They are elements having the same mass number but different atomic number. For example.

18

Ar

40

,

19

K

40

are isobars having the same atomic mass but different atomic number.

The two uses of isotopes are:

Nuclear weapons and nuclear power require large quantities of isotopes of uranium.

An isotope of cobalt is used in the treatment of cancer.

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