Factors which gave rise to reform movements in india
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The cause of reforms in any field is a pain with existing status. The greater the pain, the deeper the reform. Without a pain, the status quo remains accepted, even if the civilization and society is falling behind.
The 19th century reforms had the same causes. The abhorrent practice of cremating living widows alive with their husband led Ram Mohun Roy to petition the British rulers to outlaw this inhuman practice, and to encourage widow re-marriage. The brahmanical oppression led to the Arya Samaj movement and Vivekananda’s charting out a universal religion. The sub-human existence, worse than goats, which dalits had been facing for two thousand years led to leaders like Jyotiba Phule championing their rights.
The fight against widow burning (incidentally, this used to be a celebration, if you can imagine men standing with folded hands while a lady is being burned alive) came to a successful conclusion. Other fights, including caste discrimination, continue. The leaders for this in the 20th century were people like Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar and many other leaders.
The 19th century reforms had the same causes. The abhorrent practice of cremating living widows alive with their husband led Ram Mohun Roy to petition the British rulers to outlaw this inhuman practice, and to encourage widow re-marriage. The brahmanical oppression led to the Arya Samaj movement and Vivekananda’s charting out a universal religion. The sub-human existence, worse than goats, which dalits had been facing for two thousand years led to leaders like Jyotiba Phule championing their rights.
The fight against widow burning (incidentally, this used to be a celebration, if you can imagine men standing with folded hands while a lady is being burned alive) came to a successful conclusion. Other fights, including caste discrimination, continue. The leaders for this in the 20th century were people like Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar and many other leaders.
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