Question

for a closed system, the difference between the heat added to the system and the work done by the system is equal to the change in

Answer 1

The internal energy of a system can be changed by transfers of matter or heator by doing work.[3] When matter transfer is prevented by impermeable containing walls, the system is said to be closed. Then the first law of thermodynamics states that the increase in internal energy is equal to the total heat added plus the work done on the system by its surroundings. If the containing walls pass neither matter nor energy, the system is said to be isolated and its internal energy cannot change. The first law of thermodynamics may be regarded as establishing the existence of the internal energy.

The internal energy is one of the two cardinal state functions of the state variables of a thermodynamic system.


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