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1. write a note on pre British pathsals in India as report given by William Adam.
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
The Report of William Adam He was asked to report on the progress of education in local schools. Adam found that the system of education in the local schools, known as pathshala, was flexible. There were no fixed fees, no benches or chair, no system of separate classes, no annual examination.
Answer:
William Adam was a Scottish missionary. He toured the districts of Bengal and Bihar and prepared a report on vernacular schools in 1830s. According to his report, there were over 1 lakh pathshalas in Bengal and Bihar. These were smaller institutions; with each having no more than 20 students. But the total number of children studying in these pathshalas was a whopping 20 lakh. These pathshalas were set up by wealthy people or the local community or by a teacher.
The pathshalas followed a flexible system of education. There were no fixed fee, no printed book, no separate building, no benches or chairs, no system of separate classes, no rollcall registers, no regular examinations and no regular time-table. Classes could be held under a banyan tree, in a village shop or temple, or at the guru’s home.
Fee depended on the income of parents. Teaching was oral and curriculum was decided by the guru; as per the need of the individual student. Students were not segregated into different classes, rather all the students sat together in one place. The guru interacted separately with different groups of children as per the level of learning of the group.
This system was flexible enough to suit the local needs. Classes were not held during harvest time because at such times the rural children usually worked in the farms. The pathshala resumed after the harvesting and threshing was over.