give a short biography of French philosopher during French Revolution like Russian mosquito John Locke theory
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Role of the Philosophers in the French Revolution
France in the 18th century had many revolutionary thinkers. Among them were Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu and Diderot. Their revolutionary ideas encouraged people to fight for their rights. They exposed the inefficiency of the monarch and his government and aroused the people to challenge authority.
voltaire attacked the Catholic Church. He believed man's destiny was in his own hands and not in heaven. His ideas encouraged people to fight against the privileges, and dominance of the Church without guilt.
John Locke propounded the ideas refuting divinity and absolute rights of monarchs.
Montesquieu's philosophy outlined constitutional monarchy and division of powers. He believed all powers should not be concentrated in one person's hand.
Rousseau asserted the doctrine of democracy and popular sovereignty. He believed that government should be based on the consent of the governed. In his book Social Contract, he talks of a contract between the ruler and the ruled. Implied in his writings was the belief that men had the right to change their government, if they were not satisfied.
Thus the ideas of the philosophers were a direct attack on privileges and feudal rights which protected the upper classes.
They helped rouse the people from inactivity and instilled in them a desire to root out social inequalities and set up a government responsive to their need.
They played a vital role in focusing the discontent and bringing about the Revolution...
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Answer:
John Locke FRS ( 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopherand physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenmentthinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.