give reasons for restructing of centre state relation in India after 1990
Answers
Answer:
It was regional disparities, historic differences and the enormous cultural diversity of India that led the framers of its Constitution to adopt a federal form of government. Still, they did include several centralizing elements: the office of the centrally-appointed governor, the all-India administrative services (the higher civil service, which serves both the central government and the states), very centralized revenues, and the power to declare an internal emergency and dismiss an elected state government.
In the 1960s and after, changes in the political process provided
the impetus for restructuring the centre-state relationship. As
the Congress Party’s hegemony broke down, new regional parties
came to power, demanding more fiscal and administrative
autonomy within the federation.
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It was regional disparities, historic differences and the enormous cultural diversity of India that led the framers of its Constitution to adopt a federal form of government. Still, they did include several centralizing elements: the office of the centrally-appointed governor, the all-India administrative services (the higher civil service, which serves both the central government and the states), very centralized revenues, and the power to declare an internal emergency and dismiss an elected state government. These mechanisms enabled the central government to exercise its influence and control over the states. After independence, those centralizing aspects of the federal
system had been reinforced by the dominance of one party, the Congress Party, at both the central and
the regional levels. Because Congress effectively controlled both levels, any differences between states (regional governments) and between the centre and the states could be sorted out through intervention of the party leadership. As the Congress Party became more centralized in its own functioning and organizational structure, the balance tilted even more heavily in favour of the centre. The political context changes In the 1960s and after, changes in the political process provided the impetus for restructuring the centre-state relationship. As the Congress Party’s hegemony broke down, new regional parties came to power, demanding more fiscal and administrative autonomy within the federation. This process, sometimes described as the shift from centralized federalism to co-operative federalism, began in the mid-1970s. Since the 1990s it has been further consolidated with coalition governments being formed at the centre. The failure of any one party to gain majority in the central Parliament, and the growing dependence of national parties on support from regional parties to run the government at the centre, has given more elbow room for the federal units to bargain and influence important decisions at the centre.