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Properties of electromagnetic waves.

Answer 1

Electromagnetic waves carry transverse vibrations in electrical and magnetic fields, not vibrating particles.
Electromagnetic waves do not need matter to travel through - they can travel through empty space (a vacuum).
Electromagnetic waves are propagated by oscillating electric and magnetic fields oscillating at right angles to each other.

 

Electromagnetic waves travel with a constant velocity of  3 x 108 ms-1 in vacuum.

 

Electromagnetic waves are not deflected by electric or magnetic field.

 

Electromagnetic waves can show interference or diffraction.

 

Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves.

 

Electromagnetic waves may be polarized.

 

Electromagnetic waves need no medium of propagation. The energy from the sun is received by the earth through electromagnetic waves.

 

The wavelength (λ) and the frequency (v) of electromagnetic wave is related as

c = v λ = ω/k

The S.I. unit of frequency is Hertz.

1 Hertz = 1 c / s

The S.I. unit of wavelength is metre.

We however, often express wavelength in Angstrom unit [ Å ]

1 Å = 10-10 m

Also, 1 nanometer = l nm = 10-9 m

Answer 2

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$\textbf{Answer}$:

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➡Electromagnetic waves propagate in the form of varying electric field and magnetic fields, such that the two fields are perpendicular to each other and also to the direction of propagation of the wave.

➡Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerated charges.

➡Electromagnetic waves do not require any material medium for their propagation.

➡In free space, electromagnetic waves travels with a velocity,

c = 3 x $10^{8}$

➡The refractive index (n) of a material medium is given by

$n = \frac{c}{v}$

➡The electromagnetic waves obey the principle of superposition.

➡The electric vector is responsible for optical effects due to an electromagnetic wave. for this reason, electric vector is called light vector.

➡The energy in electromagnetic waves is divided equally between the electricand magnetic field vectors.

➡The energy transported by electromagnetic waves per second per unit area is represented by a vector quantity S, called polynting vector.

➡The momentum transported by electromagnetic waves is given by,

p = $\frac{U}{c'}$

where U is the energy transported by electromagnetic waves in a given time and c is speed of electromagnetic waves in free space.

➡The intensity of electromagnetic waves i.e energy crossing per second per unit area of a surface normally is given by,

I = $\frac{1}{2} \frac{E_0 B_0 }{u_0 }$

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