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✏️why is melting of wax considered as physical change whereas burning of wax is chemical change?
✏️ what is the principle of centrifugation technique ?which kind of mixtures can be separated by using this technique?
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###HELLO FRIEND###
HERE ARE THE ANSWERS OF THE QUESTION
WHAT IS PHYSICAL CHANGE ?
Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but can not usually be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds.
WHAT IS CHEMICAL CHANGE ?
Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. These processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions.
Burning of a candle is both a physical and a chemical change. Candle is made up of a solid block of wax with a wick embedded in it.
1) Physical Change :When candle is lit, the heat of the flame melts the solid wax to liquid wax. This signifies a physical change from solid state to liquid state
.2) Chemical change :The wax acts as a fuel when we light the candle and is basically carbon. The carbon combines with oxygen to form another chemical substance which is carbon dioxide. Also the unburnt carbon is deposited as black substance called soot. This signifies a chemical change.
ANSWER TO YOUR SECOND QUESTION
A centrifuge is a device for separating particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed.
In a solution, particles whose density is higher than that of the solvent sink (sediment), and particles that are lighter than it float to the top. The greater the difference in density, the faster they move. If there is no difference in density (isopycnic conditions), the particles stay steady.
To take advantage of even tiny differences in density to separate various particles in a solution, gravity can be replaced with the much more powerful “centrifugal force” provided by a centrifuge. This technique plays crucial role in biochemistry or biotechnology as it is non-dispensable part of one or the other step in every method involved in biological study right from the separation of cell organelles to complex experiments involving separation of sub-cellular fractions.
Types of Centrifuges and their Uses:
There are four major types of centrifuges. They are:
1. Small Bench Centrifuges:
They are used to collect small amount of material that rapidly sediment like yeast cells, erythrocytes etc. They have maximum relative centrifugal field of 3000-7000 g.
2. Large Capacity Refrigerated Centrifuges:
They have refrigerated rotor chamber and have capacity to change rotor chambers for varying size. They can go up to maximum of 6500 g and use to sediment or collect the substances that sediment rapidly like erythrocytes, yeast cell, nuclei and chloroplast.
3. High Speed Refrigerated Centrifuges:
They can generate speed of about 60000g and are used to collect micro-organism, cellular debris, larger cellular organelles and proteins precipitated by ammonium sulphate.
4. Ultra Centrifuges:
(a) Preparative ultracentrifuge:
It can produce relative centrifugal force of about 600000g and its chamber is refrigerated, sealed and evacuated. It is employed for separation of macromolecules/ligand binding kinetic studies, separation of various lipoprotein fractions from plasma and deprotonisation of physiological fluids for amino acid ananlysis.
(b) Analytical ultracentrifuge:
It is capable of operating at 500000 g. Three kinds of optical systems are available in analytical ultracentrifuges: a light absorption system, and the alternative Schlieren system and Rayleigh interferometric system, both of which detect changes in the refractive index of the solution.
Centrifugation separates the components of heterogeneous mixtures. These include liquids in liquids, solids in liquids, and solids and liquids in gases.
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to move dense components to the outside of the container. This causes the solid to settle more rapidly and completely.
Some examples of centrifugation are:
Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk
Removing water from wet lettuce in a salad spinner
Separating water from clothes by spin-drying in washing machines
Separating solid components of blood and urine in forensic and research labs
Cyclonic separation is a type of centrifugation. A high speed rotating airflow moves in a spiral pattern from the top of the cyclone to the bottom. Larger particles in the rotating stream have too much inertia to follow the tight curve of the stream. They strike the outside wall and fall to the bottom for removal.
HERE ARE THE ANSWERS OF THE QUESTION
WHAT IS PHYSICAL CHANGE ?
Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but can not usually be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds.
WHAT IS CHEMICAL CHANGE ?
Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. These processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions.
Burning of a candle is both a physical and a chemical change. Candle is made up of a solid block of wax with a wick embedded in it.
1) Physical Change :When candle is lit, the heat of the flame melts the solid wax to liquid wax. This signifies a physical change from solid state to liquid state
.2) Chemical change :The wax acts as a fuel when we light the candle and is basically carbon. The carbon combines with oxygen to form another chemical substance which is carbon dioxide. Also the unburnt carbon is deposited as black substance called soot. This signifies a chemical change.
ANSWER TO YOUR SECOND QUESTION
A centrifuge is a device for separating particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed.
In a solution, particles whose density is higher than that of the solvent sink (sediment), and particles that are lighter than it float to the top. The greater the difference in density, the faster they move. If there is no difference in density (isopycnic conditions), the particles stay steady.
To take advantage of even tiny differences in density to separate various particles in a solution, gravity can be replaced with the much more powerful “centrifugal force” provided by a centrifuge. This technique plays crucial role in biochemistry or biotechnology as it is non-dispensable part of one or the other step in every method involved in biological study right from the separation of cell organelles to complex experiments involving separation of sub-cellular fractions.
Types of Centrifuges and their Uses:
There are four major types of centrifuges. They are:
1. Small Bench Centrifuges:
They are used to collect small amount of material that rapidly sediment like yeast cells, erythrocytes etc. They have maximum relative centrifugal field of 3000-7000 g.
2. Large Capacity Refrigerated Centrifuges:
They have refrigerated rotor chamber and have capacity to change rotor chambers for varying size. They can go up to maximum of 6500 g and use to sediment or collect the substances that sediment rapidly like erythrocytes, yeast cell, nuclei and chloroplast.
3. High Speed Refrigerated Centrifuges:
They can generate speed of about 60000g and are used to collect micro-organism, cellular debris, larger cellular organelles and proteins precipitated by ammonium sulphate.
4. Ultra Centrifuges:
(a) Preparative ultracentrifuge:
It can produce relative centrifugal force of about 600000g and its chamber is refrigerated, sealed and evacuated. It is employed for separation of macromolecules/ligand binding kinetic studies, separation of various lipoprotein fractions from plasma and deprotonisation of physiological fluids for amino acid ananlysis.
(b) Analytical ultracentrifuge:
It is capable of operating at 500000 g. Three kinds of optical systems are available in analytical ultracentrifuges: a light absorption system, and the alternative Schlieren system and Rayleigh interferometric system, both of which detect changes in the refractive index of the solution.
Centrifugation separates the components of heterogeneous mixtures. These include liquids in liquids, solids in liquids, and solids and liquids in gases.
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to move dense components to the outside of the container. This causes the solid to settle more rapidly and completely.
Some examples of centrifugation are:
Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk
Removing water from wet lettuce in a salad spinner
Separating water from clothes by spin-drying in washing machines
Separating solid components of blood and urine in forensic and research labs
Cyclonic separation is a type of centrifugation. A high speed rotating airflow moves in a spiral pattern from the top of the cyclone to the bottom. Larger particles in the rotating stream have too much inertia to follow the tight curve of the stream. They strike the outside wall and fall to the bottom for removal.
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Answer:
1)Melting of wax is a physical change as the wax undergoes changes only in its physical properties whereas burning of wax undergoes changes which result in production of various new substances.
2)The principle of centrifugation is density. It can be used to separate heterogenous mixture.
Explanation:
1)Melting of wax is a physical change as the wax just changes its state from solid to liquid. The change is reversible. Burning of wax is a chemical change as there is a change in its chemical composition. The change is irreversible.
2)Centrifugation works by causing the denser particles to move to the center and lighter particles to the corner. It can be used to separate heterogenous mixture.
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