how are the lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area for exchange of gases
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The alveoli provide a surface where the exchange of gases can take place. ... The walls of the alveoli are supplied with an extensive network of blood vessels. So lungs maximise the area for gaseous exchange through the presence of large number of alveoli which are richly supplied with blood.
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In the lungs, the air passage divides into smaller tubes, called bronchi which in turn form bronchioles. The presence of alveoli in the lungs provides a very large surface area for the exchange of gases and this availability of large surface area maximises the exchange of gases
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