how are the minerals transported across the plants
Answers
Answer:
Water is found in the spaces between the soil particles. Water and mineral salts first enter through the cell wall and cell membrane of the root hair cell by osmosis. Root hair cells are outgrowths at the tips of plants' roots. They function solely to take up water and mineral salts. Root hair cells do not perform photosynthesis, and do not contain chloroplasts as they are underground and not exposed to sunlight. These cells have large vacuoles which allow storage of water and mineral salts. Their small diameter (5-17 micrometres) and greater length (1500 micrometres) ensure they have a large surface area over which to absorb water and mineral salts. Water fills the vacuole of the root hair cell.
The following list summarises how the root hair is adapted to absorb water from the soil:
There are many, elongated root hairs to increase the total root surface area for water absorption.
They have thin walls to speed up the intake of water by osmosis.
They have large vacuoles to absorb water quickly and transport it to the next cells.
The vacuoles have salts, which speed up water absorption from soil water.
Root hairs do not have cuticles, as this would prevent water absorption.
Water can now move from the root hair cells and across the parenchyma cells of the cortex in two major ways. Some water passes through the cells by osmosis. Most water travels either in, or between the cell walls (of the parenchyma cells) by simple diffusion. The water must pass through the endodermis to enter the xylem. Once water is in the xylem of the root, it will pass up the xylem of the stem.
The minerals are transported in their ionic, soluble form along with water across the plantin
xylem and phloem.
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