How did zamindari system started facing problems
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Zamindar means a man of the land or Landlord. They were sort of a micro-king who ruled their small territory by collecting taxes, running a court to resolve disputes, maintaining a military and building palaces. In most cases, they had to share a big chunk of their taxes with the Lord above them (possibly a local king). Just like you would pay income taxes to your government, you will pay taxes to your local Zamindary, who will have a big control over your life.
The core of it is money: Zamindari is a system of collecting taxes.
Some sort of a Zamindari system was always there in most parts of the world. The present Zamindary system was created by the Mughals who replaced the earlier tax collections systems and appointed their own collectors. These collectors were responsible for the local law and order. Unless things got worse they would not call the king and its troops to maintain the local order. In the name of maintaining order, they could kill, rape and plunder - like any other monarch in the world.
British era
East India Company and British Crown tried to keep existing systems as much as possible. They didn't remove the Mughal appointed Zamindary in the north, but rather made these Zamindars pay taxes to them. This is how India was so easily taken over - the Zamindars didn't care who they passed the taxes to and locals didn't care as the Zamindar (their controller) stayed the same. Since the Zamindars helped maintain law and order, British Crown were able to rule without bringing a lot of Englishmen.
Besides the Mughal era Zamindars, the Company & Crown also made many small kings downgraded as Zamindars.
In the south, where the Mughals didn't really rule, the Zamindari system was not strong. Thus, the Britishers used the Ryotwari system. Ryots means farmers. In the new system, the farmers directly paid the taxes to the government through collectors.
Post-Independence
Zamindari system is practically monarchy. After independence, states started abolishing the system [land is a state subject] starting from UP and then Madras and so on. While legally abolished in 1950s, Zamindars continued to have a big impact in the east - Bihar and West Bengal.
In fact, West Bengal inherited a completely messed up and overly complicated land allocation system inherited from the 18th century and this was one reason for the frequent famines [the tax collectors were completely disconnected with the field] there. Not clean up this soon enough is one of the reason for the lack of social mobility in the eastern states. The Naxalbari movement partially came about because of the government's inability to give the farmers their due rights. The left government did a decent job doing the land reforms, although it was probably a little late.
In short, the strong base of Zamindari system in the east decades post-independence was one reason why the region was not able to grow as fast as the south and west - where the system was weakened/put down much sooner.
The core of it is money: Zamindari is a system of collecting taxes.
Some sort of a Zamindari system was always there in most parts of the world. The present Zamindary system was created by the Mughals who replaced the earlier tax collections systems and appointed their own collectors. These collectors were responsible for the local law and order. Unless things got worse they would not call the king and its troops to maintain the local order. In the name of maintaining order, they could kill, rape and plunder - like any other monarch in the world.
British era
East India Company and British Crown tried to keep existing systems as much as possible. They didn't remove the Mughal appointed Zamindary in the north, but rather made these Zamindars pay taxes to them. This is how India was so easily taken over - the Zamindars didn't care who they passed the taxes to and locals didn't care as the Zamindar (their controller) stayed the same. Since the Zamindars helped maintain law and order, British Crown were able to rule without bringing a lot of Englishmen.
Besides the Mughal era Zamindars, the Company & Crown also made many small kings downgraded as Zamindars.
In the south, where the Mughals didn't really rule, the Zamindari system was not strong. Thus, the Britishers used the Ryotwari system. Ryots means farmers. In the new system, the farmers directly paid the taxes to the government through collectors.
Post-Independence
Zamindari system is practically monarchy. After independence, states started abolishing the system [land is a state subject] starting from UP and then Madras and so on. While legally abolished in 1950s, Zamindars continued to have a big impact in the east - Bihar and West Bengal.
In fact, West Bengal inherited a completely messed up and overly complicated land allocation system inherited from the 18th century and this was one reason for the frequent famines [the tax collectors were completely disconnected with the field] there. Not clean up this soon enough is one of the reason for the lack of social mobility in the eastern states. The Naxalbari movement partially came about because of the government's inability to give the farmers their due rights. The left government did a decent job doing the land reforms, although it was probably a little late.
In short, the strong base of Zamindari system in the east decades post-independence was one reason why the region was not able to grow as fast as the south and west - where the system was weakened/put down much sooner.
Answered by
2
Answer:
Zamindari means the land of landlord.Zamindars and dalals(Easte agents) started forcing farmers and other backward class people to give more interest on the money that they supposed to give.As a result, people were unable to pay the money with extra charges. Therefore zamindars started facing problems.
Hope it helps you!
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