Question

how do mendel's experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive

Answer 1

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Mendel demonstrated that traits can be either dominant or recessive through his monohybrid cross. He crossed true-breeding tall (TT) and dwarf (tt) pea plants. The seeds formed after fertilisation were grown and the plants that were formed represent the first filial or F1 generation. All the F1 plants obtained were tall. Then, Mendel self-pollinated the F1 plants and observed that all plants obtained in the F2 generation were not tall. Instead, one-fourth of the F2 plants were short. From this experiment, Mendel concluded that the F1 tall plants were not true breeding; they were carrying traits of both short height and tall height. They appeared tall only because the tall trait was dominant over the dwarf trait. This shows that traits may be dominant or recessive.

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Answer 2

Mendel took pea plant for his experiment. he took height as a trait he cross breed small with large pea plant in F1 generations.
After that he notice only large plant grown.
This conclude that the trait which is expressed is dominant i. e. large over small i. e. recsessive which is not expressed.
TT× tt = Tt Tt Tt Tt
T = tall
t = small