Question

how does an ionic bond differ from a covalent bond? illustrate with one example of each type of bond

Answer 1

Covalent bond :- sharing of electrons are called covalent bond.
Ionic bond:-sharing of ions are called Ionic bond.
Carbon show covalent bond because it is tetravalent where it has four valance electrons..

Answer 2

HI !

Ionic compounds are those which are formed by transferring of electrons.
Certain elements form compounds with other element , by either losing electrons electrons , or  by taking electrons.
Due to the exchange of ions , these compounds contain cations/anions in them.
And thus , they have high melting and boiling points

Eg :-

NaCl 

Sodium(Na) has one electron in its valence shell and chlorine also needs one electron to attain stability(atomic no: of chlorine is 17), Hence chlorine gets the one electron from sodium , which needs to lose one electron to attain noble state , and forms ionic compound.
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Covalent compounds are formed by sharing of electrons. Elements form compounds by sharing electrons with other element 
They have low melting and boiling points .

Eg:-
CO₂
carbon shares 4 electrons with 2 atoms of oxygen , which need 2 electrons each.