How far is it correct to state that the spread of nationalism and the rivalries among its nationalities were the major causes responsible for the disintegration of the Ottoman empires rule in the Balkan region ?
Answers
Answer:
The rise of the Western notion of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire eventually caused the breakdown of the Ottoman millet concept. An understanding of the concept of the nationhood prevalent in the Ottoman Empire, which was different from the current one as it was centered on religion, was a key factor in the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
In the Ottoman Empire, the Islamic faith was the official religion, with members holding all rights, as opposed to non-Muslims, who were restricted.[1] Non-Muslim (dhimmi) ethno-religious[2] legal groups were identified as different millets, meaning "nations".[1]
Ideas of nationalism emerged in Europe in the 19th century at a time when most of the Balkans were still under Ottoman rule. The Christian peoples of the Ottoman Empire, starting with Serbs and Greeks, but later spreading to Montenegrins and Bulgarians, began to demand autonomy in a series of armed revolts beginning with the Serbian Revolution (1804–17) and the Greek War of Independence (1821–29), which established the Principality of Serbia and Hellenic Republic.[3] The first revolt in the Ottoman Empire fought under a nationalist ideology was the Serbian Revolution.[4] Later the Principality of Montenegro was established through the Montenegrin secularization and the Battle of Grahovac. The Principality of Bulgaria was established through the process of the Bulgarian National Revival, and the subsequent National awakening of Bulgaria, establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate, April Uprising of 1876 and the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).
The radical elements of the Young Turk movement in the early 20th century had grown disillusioned with what they perceived to be the failures of 19th-century Ottoman reformers, who had not managed to stop the advance of European imperialism or the spread of nationalist movements in the Balkans. These sentiments were shared by the Kemalists. These groups decided to abandon the idea of Ittihad-i anasır - "Unity of the Ethnic Elements" - that had been a fundamental principle of the reform generation, and take up instead the mantle of Turkish nationalism.[5]
Michael Hechter argues that the rise of nationalism in the Ottomon Empire was the result of a backlash against Ottoman attempts to institute more direct and central forms of rule over populations which had previously had greater autonomy
Explanation:
plzz mark as brainleist