Question

How is oxygen transported from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs?

Answer 1

Answer:

Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate.

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells. Inside, carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is subsequently hydrolyzed into bicarbonate  ( HCO − 3 )  and H+. The H+ ion binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and bicarbonate is transported out of the red blood cells in exchange for a chloride ion. This is called the chloride shift.

Bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the blood plasma. In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for chloride. The H+ dissociates from hemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase, which further catalyzes the reaction to convert carbonic acid back into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the lungs.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs by means of a highly efficient functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in our body.

Explanation:

Let’s try to understand that in the following way.

The organs involved are the lungs, heart and blood vessels.

1. Blood rich in CO2 is carried from all parts of the body by two large veins superior vena cava and inferior vena cava to the right upper chamber (right atrium) of the heart.  

2. During the contraction of the upper chambers (atria), blood moves down to the right lower chamber (right ventricle).  

3. During the contraction of the ventricles, this CO2-rich blood goes to the lungs via two pulmonary arteries (one to each lung).  

4. During respiration (breathing), CO2 escapes out of the lungs and is replaced with O2. This O2 diffuses into the blood stream in the alveoli in the lungs (via alveolar capillaries) and is carried by four pulmonary veins (two from each lung) to the left upper chamber (left atrium) of the heart.

5. When the upper chambers (atria) contract, this O2-rich blood moves to the left lower chamber, the left ventricle, of the heart.  

6. From here, during ventricular contraction, the oxygenated blood is carried out of the heart via aorta, the largest and strongest artery in the body.

7. The aorta is then divided and subdivided into arteries and then smaller arterioles as they reach various organs and finally into capillaries.  

(It is (only) through the capillaries the exchange of gases takes place as their walls are lined by a single layer of cells.)

8. While, O2 enters the tissues via the walls of capillaries, CO2 from the tissues enters the blood in the capillaries that join venules which further join the larger veins and finally the two major veins, the vena cavae (superior and inferior vena cavae).

Note:

• The upper chambers of the heart (atria) contract together moving the CO2-rich blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle and O2-rich blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

• Similarly, the ventricles contract together pumping the blood out of the heart.  Pulmonary arteries carry them to the lungs and aorta carry them to all parts of the body including the heart itself.