How is the blood circulated in our body? Explain details
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Oxygen you breath in the firm of air is passes through your lungs into blood by many capillaries in the lungs. Oxygen rich in blood moves through your pulmonary veins to left side of your heart and out of aorta to the rest of your body.
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Circulation does not depend on gravity, but our circulatory system (like other living things) evolved to nominally operate in a 1-g environment. An easy place to see this is in snakes. A snake species that lives in trees, and thus has to spend time vertical, climbing, will have its heart closer to its head than a species that lives flat on the ground.
We have our heart located in our upper body to ensure it can pump enough blood to the brain. We also have many valves in our circulatory system that prevent blood from falling in between beats of the heart. Varicose veins and varicoceles happen when these valves fail.
So, on Earth, the distribution of our blood is not uniform. The lower body gets more and the upper body gets less - but we've evolved for that to be the right thing. Our legs need blood to run and good runners don't get eaten by cheetahs.
Once we get to space, the interference of gravity goes away and our heart now pumps equal blood throughout the body. Our heads swell and our legs get skinny (all body fluids are affected, not just blood). The problem is that we have sensors in our body to measure fluids and all the upper body sensors start reporting on the increase. It isn't normal, so the body responds. It tells our kidneys to start removing fluids via urine. It tells our brains that we aren't thirsty. This can result in dehydration if the astronaut doesn't go against their natural urges and start drinking.
Because pumping blood throughout the body has become an easier task, without having to compensate for gravity, the heart starts to shrink to better suit its new environment. As long as the astronaut stays in space this is fine, but it makes reacclimating more difficult upon return to Earth.
To stave off this shrinking, astronauts do a lot of cardiovascular exercise, such as two hours of running on a treadmill, each day.
The overalls that cosmonauts usually wear are also designed to help with the fluid distribution by compressing parts of the body.
We have our heart located in our upper body to ensure it can pump enough blood to the brain. We also have many valves in our circulatory system that prevent blood from falling in between beats of the heart. Varicose veins and varicoceles happen when these valves fail.
So, on Earth, the distribution of our blood is not uniform. The lower body gets more and the upper body gets less - but we've evolved for that to be the right thing. Our legs need blood to run and good runners don't get eaten by cheetahs.
Once we get to space, the interference of gravity goes away and our heart now pumps equal blood throughout the body. Our heads swell and our legs get skinny (all body fluids are affected, not just blood). The problem is that we have sensors in our body to measure fluids and all the upper body sensors start reporting on the increase. It isn't normal, so the body responds. It tells our kidneys to start removing fluids via urine. It tells our brains that we aren't thirsty. This can result in dehydration if the astronaut doesn't go against their natural urges and start drinking.
Because pumping blood throughout the body has become an easier task, without having to compensate for gravity, the heart starts to shrink to better suit its new environment. As long as the astronaut stays in space this is fine, but it makes reacclimating more difficult upon return to Earth.
To stave off this shrinking, astronauts do a lot of cardiovascular exercise, such as two hours of running on a treadmill, each day.
The overalls that cosmonauts usually wear are also designed to help with the fluid distribution by compressing parts of the body.
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