How remote sensing useful for groundwater exploration?
Answers
Groundwater provides drinking water to about one third of all Canadians and up to 80% of the rural population. The protection of clean water supplies has been identified as a national priority. This project addresses the government needs to better understand the dynamics and vulnerability of groundwater resources through developing remote sensing-based modelling tools and data products for key regional aquifers.
Objectives
The main objective of this project is to support the ESS Groundwater Geoscience Program, which maps groundwater resources, assesses key regional aquifers in Canada and manages and disseminates groundwater information. Specifically, this project focuses on
Aquifer characterization, which includes surface biophysical parameters mapping, soil hydraulic parameter and soil moisture mapping, and aquifer specific yield mapping;
Groundwater dynamics and surface water-groundwater interactions, which includes groundwater recharge mapping and assessment, water budget and seasonal change quantification, and ecosystem and climate change impacts and feedbacks;
Model development and calibration/validation for assessing the aquifer water dynamics using remote sensing data.
Applications of remote sensing to groundwater hydrology are reviewed on the basis of published literature, lesser known accounts and the authors’ own experiences. The major application is to ground water exploration, but others include; subsidence monitoring and the location of thermal waters and steam for geothermal energy. Some of the electromagnetic techniques used for these applications are reviewed. These include: aerial and satellite photography, visible, near‐, middle‐ and thermal‐infrared scanner imagery and both imaging and ground‐penetrating radar. One of the main problem areas in the application of remote sensing to groundwater hydrology is related to the use of lineaments as an exploration guide. The definitions and concepts of lineaments, their geologic nature and hydrological function are discussed.
It is concluded that despite some uncertainties and inconsistencies in the results, remote sensing is a useful technique for the study of groundwater hydrology and has aided the successful location of important groundwater resources.
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