How to educate the voters not to receive bribe for putting votes? What steps made prevent by Election commission India?
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1) Vote rigging defined :
Vote rigging is one dimension of election irregularities. In its narrower aspects, vote rigging points to irregularities in the polling, counting, tallying and announcement of election results.
Generally it includes fraud by multiple voting, voting by underage persons, adding ballots marked by persons who are not voting legally, interference with boxes, exclusion of valid ballots by counting officials, denying marginalised voters the right to vote, falsification of results sheet or deliberate fraud in tabulating results.
Intimidation, attacks on voters, intimidation of candidates, false closure of or information about polling centers etc., is not covered.
2) Occurrence points :
Vote rigging can occur at any stage of the electoral cycle.
In the pre-electoral stage some governments interfere with the planning process by:
Deliberately underfunding activities like staff training and civil voter education that leads to an level playing field.
Incumbent governments may interfere with the voter registration process by deliberately failing to fund it on time and/or by interfering with the procurement of appropriate systems.
The election period is where the most visible vote rigging takes place.
During the vote, these include: impersonation, multiple voting, deliberate shortage of materials, closure before time, etc.
When calculating the vote: tally sheets are adulated, others are swapped, or excluded from the final tally by voiding good ballots on improper grounds.
3) General suggestions for eliminating or reducing vote rigging to a minimum:
The best way to prevent all forms of rigging, either at the polling station, during the count, or during aggregation, is to enhance transparency.
That may require legal or procedural reform, and can also require comprehensive deployment of non-partisan observers, or effective party monitoring.
Have election management bodies that introduce mechanisms, which can be used as tools to undertake continuous monitoring of each electoral preparatory process.
A new conscious approach to the prevention of irregularities has to be developed by EMBs.
Follow a design which provides conditions that facilitate and prevent fraud.
Political good will is the key factor. Adequate funding, accurate voter registers, level playing field, appropriate legal frameworks and many other required solutions are possible if there is political will on the part of the incumbent and opposition parties. Nonetheless a competent EMB, and an appropriate legal framework are equally necessary. In the end, every stakeholder must play its mandated role efficiently and effectively, without favour or fear: the media, the judiciary, and civil society and security forces.
4) Recommendations of specific techniques that can be used:
Have a good VR system and a strict, well-trained and observed VR process.
Biometrics can identify multiple applicants.
Be aware of some signs of ballot rigging that include:
Suspicious fold marks.
Ballots with marks apparently made repeatedly by the same hand
Ballots that lie flat and piled within the box.
The number of ballots in the box exceeds the number of ballots issued.
A polling station having significantly more ballots than others in the same centre.
Altered tally sheets can be prevented if the counting station head, in presence of the team, places a strip of clear adhesive tape over the totals column as soon as the sheet is completed.
Tabulations should be done separately by two entry clerks, neither knowing who the other is.
Good training of staff, and the exclusion of the candidate’s families is essential.
Public information should state that fraud will be detected and those responsible punished.
Allow Political parties to have minimum two agents at each station.
Provide complaint forms which agents can fill to challenge the process.
Vote rigging is one dimension of election irregularities. In its narrower aspects, vote rigging points to irregularities in the polling, counting, tallying and announcement of election results.
Generally it includes fraud by multiple voting, voting by underage persons, adding ballots marked by persons who are not voting legally, interference with boxes, exclusion of valid ballots by counting officials, denying marginalised voters the right to vote, falsification of results sheet or deliberate fraud in tabulating results.
Intimidation, attacks on voters, intimidation of candidates, false closure of or information about polling centers etc., is not covered.
2) Occurrence points :
Vote rigging can occur at any stage of the electoral cycle.
In the pre-electoral stage some governments interfere with the planning process by:
Deliberately underfunding activities like staff training and civil voter education that leads to an level playing field.
Incumbent governments may interfere with the voter registration process by deliberately failing to fund it on time and/or by interfering with the procurement of appropriate systems.
The election period is where the most visible vote rigging takes place.
During the vote, these include: impersonation, multiple voting, deliberate shortage of materials, closure before time, etc.
When calculating the vote: tally sheets are adulated, others are swapped, or excluded from the final tally by voiding good ballots on improper grounds.
3) General suggestions for eliminating or reducing vote rigging to a minimum:
The best way to prevent all forms of rigging, either at the polling station, during the count, or during aggregation, is to enhance transparency.
That may require legal or procedural reform, and can also require comprehensive deployment of non-partisan observers, or effective party monitoring.
Have election management bodies that introduce mechanisms, which can be used as tools to undertake continuous monitoring of each electoral preparatory process.
A new conscious approach to the prevention of irregularities has to be developed by EMBs.
Follow a design which provides conditions that facilitate and prevent fraud.
Political good will is the key factor. Adequate funding, accurate voter registers, level playing field, appropriate legal frameworks and many other required solutions are possible if there is political will on the part of the incumbent and opposition parties. Nonetheless a competent EMB, and an appropriate legal framework are equally necessary. In the end, every stakeholder must play its mandated role efficiently and effectively, without favour or fear: the media, the judiciary, and civil society and security forces.
4) Recommendations of specific techniques that can be used:
Have a good VR system and a strict, well-trained and observed VR process.
Biometrics can identify multiple applicants.
Be aware of some signs of ballot rigging that include:
Suspicious fold marks.
Ballots with marks apparently made repeatedly by the same hand
Ballots that lie flat and piled within the box.
The number of ballots in the box exceeds the number of ballots issued.
A polling station having significantly more ballots than others in the same centre.
Altered tally sheets can be prevented if the counting station head, in presence of the team, places a strip of clear adhesive tape over the totals column as soon as the sheet is completed.
Tabulations should be done separately by two entry clerks, neither knowing who the other is.
Good training of staff, and the exclusion of the candidate’s families is essential.
Public information should state that fraud will be detected and those responsible punished.
Allow Political parties to have minimum two agents at each station.
Provide complaint forms which agents can fill to challenge the process.
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