Question

How would you differentiate between sn1 and sn2 mechanism of substitution reaction?

Answer 1

 SN1 reactionSN2 reactionThese  are basically unimolecular nucleophilic substitution recationsThese reactions are known as bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactionsracemisation takes place and thus,follow retention of configuration.complete stereochemical inversion takes place. In these reactions, inversion of configuration takes place.These reactions are carried out in polar protic solvents such as water, alcohol, acetic acid, etc. Solvents of low polarity favour SN1 reaction.These reactions do not depend on solvent as such, they require the presence of nucleophile.They can occur with weak nucleophiles in low concentrations.They occur with strong nucleophiles in high concentrations.The increasing order of reactivity is 1° halide < 2° halide < 3° halide. The reason being greater the stability of a carbocation, more easily the alkyl halide is formed and hence, faster is the reaction rate. The increasing order of stability of carbocation is 1° < 2° < 3°. Since 1° halide forms 1° carbocation, 2° halide forms 2° carbocation, and 3° halide forms 3° carbocation.The increasing order of reactivity is 3° halide < 2° halide < 1° halide. the reason being Due to the presence of bulky substituents in 3° and 2° halides, nucleophile cannot approach.
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