Question

(i)dry pellets of a base 'X' when kept in open absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The compound is also formed by chlor-alkali process. write the chemical name and formula of X. describe chlor-alkali process with balanced chemical equation. name the type of reaction that occurs when X is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. write the chemical equation.

(ii)while diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to acid?

Answer 1

_The base is sodium hydroxide and chemical formula is NaOH.
Chlor alkali process is basically formation of Caustic soda or sodium hyroxide. chlor stands for chlorine gas and alkali stands for NaOH.
equation:
2NaCl(sodium chloride)+2H20(water)---- 2NaOH(sodium hydroxide)+Cl2(chlorine)+H2(hygrogen).


_NaOH +HCl---- NaCl+H20


_dilution is a highly exothermic process. A large amount of heat is produced. If we add water to acid it may splash out and cause serious damage to our skin as well as the contain may burst.

Answer 2

Answer:

Concept:

Nature of acids, bases, and salts

Solution:

(i) X is sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

When sodium chloride solution (brine solution) is electrolysed, sodium hydroxide solution is formed gases are liberated. this is a  chlor-alkali process.

$2 \mathrm{NaCl}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \stackrel{\text { electrolysis }}{\longrightarrow} 2 \mathrm{NaOH}+\mathrm{H}_{2}+\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \\ \mathrm{NaOH}+\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

The above reaction is the neutralization reaction

(ii) It is because the dilution process is highly exothermic. When water is added to acid, the amount of heat released can be devastating.

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