Identify two cell modification and describe their respective functions
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Cell Modifications That Lead to Adaptation
Uploaded by John Barry Ibanez
CELL MODIFICATIONS THAT LEAD TO ADAPTATION
Kinds of Cell Modifications
APICAL MODIFICATIONS (top)
BASAL MODIFICATIONS (bottom)
LATERAL MODIFICATIONS (sides)
APICAL MODIFICATIONS
Microvilli
•
lso clled br!s"#strited border
•
$i%&er'lie ctoplsmic e*te%sio%s o$ t"epicl s!r$ce +"ic" i%crese s!r$ce re $orbsorptio%
•
%!mero!s, o$te% re&!lrl rr%&ed, %d$o!%d i% bsorptive epit"eli
Cili
•
motile, $!%ctio% i% moveme%t
•
bets i% coordi%ted r"t"micl +ve'liem%%er, promoti%& moveme%t o$ mterilsover t"e s!r$ce
•
pper s s"ort "ir'lie str!ct!res orpro-ectio%s
•
ec" cili!m is co%%ected to bsl bod %de*te%ds $rom t"e $ree s!r$ce
•
core is composed o$ microt!b!les rr%&edi% speci$ic m%%er
•
c% be $o!%d i% t"e li%i%& o$ t"e trc"e(+i%dpipe) or i% t"e Fllopi% t!be
Stereocili
•
lo%& microvilli t"t $!%ctio% i% i%cresi%&bsorptio%
•
%o%'motile
•
$o!%d i% se%sor cells i% er %d mlereprod!ctive trct
•
does %ot "ve t"e tr!e c"rcteristic o$ t"etr!e cili or $l&ell
Fl&ell
•
re lso co%cer%ed +it" moveme%t
•
sme *il str!ct!re +it" cili b!t m!c"lo%&er
•
prese%t i% t"e til o$ t"e spermto.o
BASAL MODIFICATIONS
Bsl I%$oldi%&s
•
o$te% $o!%d i% epit"eli!m t"t re %o+% totr%sport $l!id (id%e)
•
+ill o$te% see mitoc"o%dri i% t"e bsli%$oldi%&s/ s!&&ests t"t ctive tr%sport isocc!rri%&
•
ver import%t i% epit"elil polri.tio% %dstbilit
•
s!pport t"e epit"eli!m %d lso $!%ctio%s s pssive molec!lr sieve or !ltr$ilter
•
i$ bsl lmi% is destroed (tr!m,i%$ectio%s, b!r%s), t"e epit"eli!m +ill %ot berepired b!t s!bstit!ted +it" scr(co%%ective tiss!e)
0emidesmosome
•
protei% $ilme%ts i%terloc +it" $ilme%ts o$ t"e d-ce%t cell +"ic" $orms de%sei%termedite li%e bet+ee% t"e cells
•
$o!%d be%et" t"e .o%!l d"ere%s
•
ctoplsmic $ce is co%%ected tomicro$ilme%ts e*te%di%& i%to t"e ctoplsm
LATERAL MODIFICATIONS
Ti&"t 1!%ctio%s (2o%!l Occl!de%s)
•
b%d %er t"e picl s!r$ce $orms sel,pperi%& to be $!sed
•
t"ere is 34'56 %m spce bet+ee% epit"eli!mcells
•
ti&"t -!%ctio% occl!des#seprtes t"ecomprtme%ts
Ad"eri%& 1!%ctio%s (2o%!l Ad"ere%s)
•
t"e cti% $ilme%ts +"ic" me !p .o%!ld"ere%s mi%ti% i%te&rit o$ t"e cell to better bi%d
•
$o!%d -!st be%et" t"e ti&"t -!%ctio%
•
ctoplsmic $ce is li%ed tot"e cti% ctoseleto%
7p 1!%ctio%s
•
co%%e*o%s o$ o%e membr%e li&%s +it"co%%e*o% o$ d-ce%t membr%e so t"t"drop"ilic mteril c% be tr%sported
•
import%t i% cell comm!%ictio%
•
d-ce%t cells re 5'8 %m prt
Desmosome (Mc!l Ad"ere%s)
•
protei% $ilme%ts i%terloc +it" $ilme%ts o$ t"e d-ce%t cell +"ic" $orms de%sei%termedite li%e bet+ee% t"e cells
•
"elp to resist s"eri%& $orces %d re $o!%di% simple %d strti$ied s9!mo!s epit"eli!m
SPECIALIZED MODIFICATIONS
Nerve cells, or %e!ro%s re ver specili.edcells o$ t"e %ervo!s sstem: Si%ce % electriclsi&%l %eeds to trvel reltivel lo%& dist%cesto prts o$ t"e bod, %erve cells "vespecili.ed str!ct!res clled de%drites, +"ic"receive % electricl si&%l $rom %ot"er%e!ro%, %d *o%s, +"ic" tr%smit %electricl si&%l to %ot"er %e!ro%:
M!scle cells re mde !p primril o$ pir o$ specil protei%s clled cti% %d mosi% +"ic"llo+s t"e m!scle to co%trct:
Red blood cells re %!clete, %d t"!s reprod!ced $rom bo%e mrro+, b!t co%ti% lr&emo!%ts o$ "emo&lobi% to tr%sport o*&e%t"ro!&"o!t t"e bod:
Sperm cells re "ploid %d co%ti% $l&ell!m i% order to s+im t"ro!&" t"e v&i%:
Pl%t cells "ve lr&e mo!%ts o$ t"e or&%ellec"loroplst, +"ic" llo+s t"e cell to !%der&op"otos%t"esis: Pl%t cells re lso covered b
Save
Cell Modifications That Lead To Adaptation
For Later
Save
Related
Info
Search
Cell Modifications That Lead to Adaptation
Uploaded by John Barry Ibanez
CELL MODIFICATIONS THAT LEAD TO ADAPTATION
Kinds of Cell Modifications
APICAL MODIFICATIONS (top)
BASAL MODIFICATIONS (bottom)
LATERAL MODIFICATIONS (sides)
APICAL MODIFICATIONS
Microvilli
•
lso clled br!s"#strited border
•
$i%&er'lie ctoplsmic e*te%sio%s o$ t"epicl s!r$ce +"ic" i%crese s!r$ce re $orbsorptio%
•
%!mero!s, o$te% re&!lrl rr%&ed, %d$o!%d i% bsorptive epit"eli
Cili
•
motile, $!%ctio% i% moveme%t
•
bets i% coordi%ted r"t"micl +ve'liem%%er, promoti%& moveme%t o$ mterilsover t"e s!r$ce
•
pper s s"ort "ir'lie str!ct!res orpro-ectio%s
•
ec" cili!m is co%%ected to bsl bod %de*te%ds $rom t"e $ree s!r$ce
•
core is composed o$ microt!b!les rr%&edi% speci$ic m%%er
•
c% be $o!%d i% t"e li%i%& o$ t"e trc"e(+i%dpipe) or i% t"e Fllopi% t!be
Stereocili
•
lo%& microvilli t"t $!%ctio% i% i%cresi%&bsorptio%
•
%o%'motile
•
$o!%d i% se%sor cells i% er %d mlereprod!ctive trct
•
does %ot "ve t"e tr!e c"rcteristic o$ t"etr!e cili or $l&ell
Fl&ell
•
re lso co%cer%ed +it" moveme%t
•
sme *il str!ct!re +it" cili b!t m!c"lo%&er
•
prese%t i% t"e til o$ t"e spermto.o
BASAL MODIFICATIONS
Bsl I%$oldi%&s
•
o$te% $o!%d i% epit"eli!m t"t re %o+% totr%sport $l!id (id%e)
•
+ill o$te% see mitoc"o%dri i% t"e bsli%$oldi%&s/ s!&&ests t"t ctive tr%sport isocc!rri%&
•
ver import%t i% epit"elil polri.tio% %dstbilit
•
s!pport t"e epit"eli!m %d lso $!%ctio%s s pssive molec!lr sieve or !ltr$ilter
•
i$ bsl lmi% is destroed (tr!m,i%$ectio%s, b!r%s), t"e epit"eli!m +ill %ot berepired b!t s!bstit!ted +it" scr(co%%ective tiss!e)
0emidesmosome
•
protei% $ilme%ts i%terloc +it" $ilme%ts o$ t"e d-ce%t cell +"ic" $orms de%sei%termedite li%e bet+ee% t"e cells
•
$o!%d be%et" t"e .o%!l d"ere%s
•
ctoplsmic $ce is co%%ected tomicro$ilme%ts e*te%di%& i%to t"e ctoplsm
LATERAL MODIFICATIONS
Ti&"t 1!%ctio%s (2o%!l Occl!de%s)
•
b%d %er t"e picl s!r$ce $orms sel,pperi%& to be $!sed
•
t"ere is 34'56 %m spce bet+ee% epit"eli!mcells
•
ti&"t -!%ctio% occl!des#seprtes t"ecomprtme%ts
Ad"eri%& 1!%ctio%s (2o%!l Ad"ere%s)
•
t"e cti% $ilme%ts +"ic" me !p .o%!ld"ere%s mi%ti% i%te&rit o$ t"e cell to better bi%d
•
$o!%d -!st be%et" t"e ti&"t -!%ctio%
•
ctoplsmic $ce is li%ed tot"e cti% ctoseleto%
7p 1!%ctio%s
•
co%%e*o%s o$ o%e membr%e li&%s +it"co%%e*o% o$ d-ce%t membr%e so t"t"drop"ilic mteril c% be tr%sported
•
import%t i% cell comm!%ictio%
•
d-ce%t cells re 5'8 %m prt
Desmosome (Mc!l Ad"ere%s)
•
protei% $ilme%ts i%terloc +it" $ilme%ts o$ t"e d-ce%t cell +"ic" $orms de%sei%termedite li%e bet+ee% t"e cells
•
"elp to resist s"eri%& $orces %d re $o!%di% simple %d strti$ied s9!mo!s epit"eli!m
SPECIALIZED MODIFICATIONS
Nerve cells, or %e!ro%s re ver specili.edcells o$ t"e %ervo!s sstem: Si%ce % electriclsi&%l %eeds to trvel reltivel lo%& dist%cesto prts o$ t"e bod, %erve cells "vespecili.ed str!ct!res clled de%drites, +"ic"receive % electricl si&%l $rom %ot"er%e!ro%, %d *o%s, +"ic" tr%smit %electricl si&%l to %ot"er %e!ro%:
M!scle cells re mde !p primril o$ pir o$ specil protei%s clled cti% %d mosi% +"ic"llo+s t"e m!scle to co%trct:
Red blood cells re %!clete, %d t"!s reprod!ced $rom bo%e mrro+, b!t co%ti% lr&emo!%ts o$ "emo&lobi% to tr%sport o*&e%t"ro!&"o!t t"e bod:
Sperm cells re "ploid %d co%ti% $l&ell!m i% order to s+im t"ro!&" t"e v&i%:
Pl%t cells "ve lr&e mo!%ts o$ t"e or&%ellec"loroplst, +"ic" llo+s t"e cell to !%der&op"otos%t"esis: Pl%t cells re lso covered b
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