Impurities of which metal ions are present in hard water?
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The hardness of water is due to the presence of multivalent cautions which are positively charged complexes of metal having charge more than 1.
The most common among them are Ca2+ and Mg2+.
These react with water and form carbonate and bicarbonate anions (CO32−, HCO3−). CaCO3 (s) + CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇋ Ca2+ (aq) + 2HCO3− (aq)
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hard water can be soften by adding bleaching powder
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